ATI RN
Multiple Choice Questions on Endocrine System Questions
Question 1 of 5
Calcium level in the blood is regulated by the:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Parathyroid glands regulate blood calcium, raising it via PTH (bone resorption, kidney reabsorption), while thyroid's calcitonin lowers it parathyroid dominates setpoint. Thyroid contributes (calcitonin), but parathyroid drives adjustment. Posterior pituitary (ADH) manages water, not calcium. Adrenal medulla (epinephrine) affects stress, not calcium. Parathyroid's PTH primacy distinguishes it, critical for calcium homeostasis, unlike secondary or unrelated glands.
Question 2 of 5
The rate of metabolism of all body cells is regulated by
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Thyroid hormone (T3/T4) sets cellular metabolic rate, influencing energy production body-wide. Parathyroid hormone and calcitonin manage calcium, aldosterone fluid/electrolytes not metabolism universally. Thyroid hormone's broad metabolic control distinguishes it, essential for energy regulation, contrasting with ion-specific hormones.
Question 3 of 5
Target cells for hypothalamic releasing hormones are in the
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hypothalamic releasing hormones (e.g., TRH, GnRH) target anterior pituitary cells, stimulating hormone release (e.g., TSH, FSH). Thyroid responds to TSH, hypothalamus produces, posterior pituitary stores ADH/oxytocin. Anterior pituitary targeting distinguishes this axis, vital for endocrine regulation, contrasting with storage or effector glands.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following pairs of endocrine glands is located in the brain?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The hypothalamus (forebrain) and pineal (epithalamus) are brain-located endocrine glands; the former regulates via releasing hormones, the latter secretes melatonin for sleep. Thymus (chest), parathyroid (neck), and thyroid (neck) are external. Only hypothalamus, pineal, and pituitary (also brain) fit, but 'hypothalamus and pineal' is the pair. This brain-centric role distinguishes them, key to neuroendocrine integration, contrasting with peripheral glands.
Question 5 of 5
Which gland controls the functioning of other endocrine glands?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The pituitary gland, dubbed the 'master gland,' controls other endocrine glands (e.g., thyroid via TSH, adrenals via ACTH) through tropic hormones. Thyroid regulates metabolism, pineal sleep, adrenals stress not others. Pituitary's anterior/posterior lobes orchestrate this, distinguishing its hierarchical role, vital for endocrine harmony, contrasting with effector glands.