Calcium level in the blood is regulated by hormones released from the .

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because calcium regulation in the blood is primarily controlled by hormones released from the parathyroid and thyroid glands. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) released by the parathyroid glands increases blood calcium levels, while calcitonin released by the thyroid gland decreases blood calcium levels. The other choices are incorrect because the testes primarily produce hormones related to reproduction (not calcium regulation), the adrenal medulla and pancreas are not directly involved in calcium regulation, and the thymus is involved in immune function but not in calcium regulation.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Carbohydrates. Amylase is an enzyme that specifically breaks down carbohydrates, such as starch and glycogen, into simpler sugars like glucose. It does this by catalyzing the hydrolysis of alpha-1,4-glycosidic linkages in polysaccharides. Proteins are broken down by protease enzymes, not amylase. Fats are broken down by lipase enzymes. Choice D is incomplete and does not provide a relevant option.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: FALSE. The large intestine does not have villi like the small intestine. Villi are finger-like projections in the small intestine that increase surface area for nutrient absorption. The large intestine primarily absorbs water and electrolytes, and does not have villi. Other choices are incorrect because the large intestine does not have villi and does not aid in absorption like the small intestine.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is option D) Glycosylated hemoglobin (A1C) for monitoring long-term glycemic control in a patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus. A1C provides an average of a person's blood sugar levels over the past 2-3 months, giving a better picture of overall glycemic control. This test is preferred as it reflects both fasting and postprandial glucose levels, providing a comprehensive assessment. Option A) Water deprivation test is used to diagnose conditions related to water balance, such as diabetes insipidus, not for monitoring long-term glycemic control in diabetes. Option B) Fasting blood glucose test is useful for assessing immediate glycemic status but does not give a long-term overview like A1C. Option C) Oral glucose tolerance test is used to diagnose diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance, not for monitoring long-term glycemic control. Educationally, understanding the rationale behind using specific tests for monitoring different aspects of diabetes management is crucial for healthcare providers to make informed decisions in patient care. A1C is a valuable tool in assessing overall glycemic control and is recommended by guidelines for routine monitoring in diabetes management.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is B) Check that the bath water is not too hot, which can be delegated to unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP). The rationale behind this delegation is based on the principle of patient safety. Ensuring that the bath water is at a safe temperature is a task that does not require specialized medical knowledge or skills and falls within the scope of practice of a UAP. It is a straightforward task that helps prevent burns or injuries to the patient. Options A, C, and D involve aspects of patient education and require a level of understanding of diabetes management that goes beyond basic skills. Discussing complications of diabetes (Option A) and checking the patient's technique for drawing up insulin (Option C) involve assessing and providing information that requires a nursing license. Teaching the patient to use a meter for self-monitoring of blood glucose (Option D) involves instructing the patient on a critical aspect of diabetes self-management, which is beyond the scope of practice for UAPs. Educationally, understanding the delegation of tasks is crucial for nurses to effectively prioritize and optimize patient care. By recognizing which tasks can be delegated appropriately, nurses can focus on more complex aspects of patient assessment, intervention, and education. It also ensures patient safety and improves efficiency in healthcare delivery. Nurses must be knowledgeable about delegation guidelines to provide safe and effective care within an interprofessional team.