By the age of 7 months, the infant is able to do all the following EXCEPT

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this question, the correct answer is option D: roll over. By the age of 7 months, infants typically develop the ability to roll over from their back to their stomach and vice versa. This milestone is usually achieved around 4-6 months of age, so by 7 months, most infants have mastered this skill. Option A, transferring objects from hand to hand, is a fine motor skill that infants usually develop around 6-7 months of age, so it is appropriate for this age range. Option B, actively bouncing, is a gross motor skill that infants often display around 6-9 months as they gain strength in their legs. Option C, using a radial palm grasp, is a fine motor skill that typically emerges around 7-8 months. This grasp involves using the thumb and one or more fingers to pick up small objects, showing the development of fine motor control. Understanding these developmental milestones in infants is crucial for healthcare providers, educators, and caregivers to assess a child's growth and development accurately. It helps identify any potential delays or concerns early on, allowing for timely intervention and support. By recognizing these milestones, professionals can ensure that children receive appropriate care and support to reach their full potential.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) 3 months. At 3 months of age, infants typically exhibit the described developmental milestones. They can move their head to track objects, lift their head off the table to a certain degree, smile responsively, and make cooing sounds. These are all typical behaviors seen in infants around the age of 3 months as they start to develop motor and social skills. Option A) 1 month is incorrect because at 1 month, infants are usually not able to lift their heads as described in the question. Option C) 6 months is incorrect as by 6 months, infants should be able to maintain a seated position, which is a more advanced milestone than described. Option D) 9 months is also incorrect as by 9 months, infants should have achieved more advanced milestones such as crawling or pulling to stand. Understanding typical developmental milestones in infants is crucial for healthcare providers working with pediatric populations. By recognizing age-appropriate behaviors and skills, healthcare providers can assess a child's growth and development, provide appropriate interventions if needed, and offer guidance to parents on what to expect at different stages. This knowledge helps in early identification of any developmental delays or concerns, leading to timely interventions and support for the child's optimal growth and development.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct response for the nurse to provide to the parents is option C: "Your son's respiratory rate is elevated; a normal rate for his age is 20-30 breaths per minute." This answer is correct because it addresses the vital sign that is outside the normal range for a 3-year-old child, which is the respiratory rate. Option A is incorrect because the blood pressure provided (100/52) is within the normal range for a 3-year-old child. Option B is incorrect because the temperature of 98.8°F is considered normal for a child and not elevated. Option D is incorrect because a heart rate of 90 beats per minute is within the normal range for a 3-year-old child. Educationally, it is important for parents to understand the normal vital signs for their child's age to be able to monitor their health at home and recognize any abnormalities. By explaining why a specific vital sign is elevated or within normal limits, parents can better understand what to look out for and when to seek medical attention for their child. This scenario also highlights the importance of accurate assessment and communication in pediatric nursing to provide appropriate information and reassurance to parents.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) There is blood in your child's urine, which causes it to be tea-colored. This response is the best because glomerulonephritis is a condition that affects the kidneys' ability to filter waste from the blood, leading to the presence of blood in the urine, which causes the discoloration. It is crucial for the parent to understand this as it indicates a serious issue that needs medical attention. Option A is incorrect because while steroids and BP medications may have side effects, they do not directly cause tea-colored urine in the context of glomerulonephritis. Option C is incorrect as concentrated urine would typically appear darker yellow, not tea-colored. Option D is also incorrect as a ketogenic diet does not typically cause tea-colored urine unless there is an underlying kidney issue. In an educational context, it is important for healthcare providers to effectively communicate with parents about their child's condition to ensure understanding and adherence to treatment plans. Understanding the reasons behind symptoms like tea-colored urine can help parents better manage their child's health and seek appropriate medical care when needed.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) Allow familiar comfort items (e.g., favorite stuffed animal) and a 'sippy' cup (avoid suction items). Rationale: For a 14-month-old child who has undergone cleft palate repair surgery, it is crucial to provide comfort and support during the postoperative period. Allowing familiar comfort items like a stuffed animal can help reduce anxiety and provide emotional support to the child. Using a 'sippy' cup instead of suction items is essential to prevent any negative pressure in the oral cavity that could potentially disrupt the surgical repair. Explanation of incorrect options: B) Once liquids are tolerated, encourage a bland diet (e.g., soup, Jell-O, saltine crackers): This option is not the priority immediately post cleft palate repair surgery. The focus should be on comfort measures and avoiding suction items. C) Administer scheduled pain medication rather than PRN only: While pain management is important, it is not the most critical aspect in the immediate postoperative period for a cleft palate repair. D) Use a Yankauer suction catheter to decrease aspiration risk: Suction should be avoided in the immediate postoperative period to prevent disruption of the surgical repair and not increase the risk of aspiration. Educational context: Understanding the specific needs and considerations for pediatric patients undergoing cleft palate repair is essential for healthcare providers working in pediatric settings. Providing appropriate postoperative care tailored to the individual child's needs is crucial for ensuring optimal outcomes and promoting healing and comfort.