ATI RN
Med-Surg Cardiovascular Practice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Buerger's disease characteristics.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Buerger's disease, also known as thromboangiitis obliterans, is a rare disease characterized by inflammation and clotting of small and medium-sized arteries and veins in the limbs. The correct answer is C) Both A and B - vascular inflammation and limb ischemia. The vascular inflammation in Buerger's disease leads to the formation of blood clots, which can result in limb ischemia due to reduced blood flow to the extremities. This can cause symptoms such as pain, skin ulcers, and tissue damage in the affected limbs. Option A) Vascular inflammation alone is not sufficient to describe Buerger's disease as limb ischemia is a key feature of the condition. Option B) Limb ischemia alone does not encompass the full spectrum of the disease, as the underlying vascular inflammation is what triggers the ischemic events in Buerger's disease. Option D) None of the above is incorrect as Buerger's disease is indeed characterized by both vascular inflammation and limb ischemia. In an educational context, understanding the characteristics of Buerger's disease is important for healthcare professionals, especially those working in cardiovascular or vascular specialties. Recognizing the signs and symptoms of this disease is crucial for early diagnosis and appropriate management to prevent complications such as tissue loss and amputation. By knowing that Buerger's disease involves both vascular inflammation and limb ischemia, healthcare providers can provide better care and support to patients with this condition.
Question 2 of 5
To improve compliance with the medical regimen in hypertensive clients, the most important thing the nurse can do is to
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In the context of improving compliance with the medical regimen in hypertensive clients, establishing a relationship with each client (Option D) is the most crucial action for the nurse to take. Building a strong nurse-client relationship fosters trust, open communication, and mutual respect. When clients feel understood, supported, and valued, they are more likely to adhere to their treatment plan, including taking medications as prescribed, following lifestyle recommendations, and attending follow-up appointments. Insisting that clients keep their appointments on time (Option A) is important but may not address the underlying reasons for non-compliance. Explaining the pathophysiology of hypertension (Option B) is informative but may not directly impact compliance if the client does not feel connected to the nurse. Warning clients about side effects of medications (Option C) is necessary but may not address the holistic needs of the client in terms of compliance. Educationally, it is essential for nurses to recognize the significance of forming therapeutic relationships with clients to promote positive health outcomes. By prioritizing the establishment of trust and rapport, nurses can create a supportive environment where clients feel empowered to actively participate in their care, leading to improved adherence to medical regimens and better management of chronic conditions like hypertension.
Question 3 of 5
You would expect to find first when auscultating Mrs. Payer's lung fields
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In auscultating Mrs. Payer's lung fields, the correct answer is D) rales. Rales, also known as crackles, are abnormal lung sounds that indicate fluid in the alveoli or airways. In the context of cardiovascular issues, such as heart failure, fluid can accumulate in the lungs leading to the presence of rales upon auscultation. Option A) decreased breath sounds would be more indicative of conditions like pneumothorax or pleural effusion where there is limited air movement in the lungs. Option B) wheezing is typically associated with conditions like asthma or COPD, where there is narrowing of the airways leading to a whistling sound during breathing. Option C) atelectasis refers to collapsed lung tissue and would present as decreased or absent breath sounds in the affected area. Educationally, understanding lung sounds is crucial for nurses and healthcare professionals in assessing respiratory and cardiovascular health. Recognizing the difference between various lung sounds helps in early detection of complications and prompt intervention. In the case of Mrs. Payer, identifying rales could prompt further assessment and management of her cardiovascular condition.
Question 4 of 5
To prevent postoperative pulmonary embolus, clients must be taught effective coughing. To stimulate the cough reflex, it is desirable for the patient to first take
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B) A short breath after deep breathing and exhaling. This technique, known as the huff cough, helps to clear secretions and stimulate the cough reflex effectively. Taking a short breath after deep breathing helps to mobilize and move secretions from the lower airways to the upper airways, making it easier to cough them out. Option A) Several fast, shallow breaths do not effectively mobilize secretions and may not stimulate the cough reflex adequately. Option C) Fast, gasping breaths can lead to hyperventilation and may not effectively clear secretions. Option D) Splinted inhalations and exhalations do not promote effective coughing as it restricts airflow and does not aid in clearing secretions. In an educational context, teaching patients proper coughing techniques is crucial in preventing postoperative pulmonary complications such as pulmonary embolism. By explaining and demonstrating the correct technique, healthcare providers can empower patients to take an active role in their recovery and reduce the risk of respiratory complications.
Question 5 of 5
To prevent rheumatic heart disease, the school nurse, the school teacher, the family health practitioner, and the parents must work together to
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rheumatic heart disease is a serious complication of untreated or inadequately treated streptococcal infections, specifically group A streptococcus. The correct answer is A) Recognize and treat streptococcal infections and prevent reinfection. This is because prompt recognition and treatment of streptococcal infections with antibiotics, usually penicillin, can prevent the development of rheumatic heart disease. Additionally, preventing reinfection is crucial in reducing the risk of recurrent episodes that can lead to rheumatic heart disease. Option B) Give penicillin to all children exposed to streptococcal infection is incorrect because antibiotics should only be administered to individuals with confirmed streptococcal infections, not to all exposed children. Overuse of antibiotics can lead to antibiotic resistance and other adverse effects. Option C) Obtain throat cultures from all family members when a child gets a sore throat is not the most effective approach as not all sore throats are caused by streptococcus. Selective testing based on clinical criteria is recommended to avoid unnecessary testing and treatment. Option D) Provide nourishing meals for all persons who are exposed to a streptococcal infection is not directly related to preventing rheumatic heart disease. While proper nutrition is important for overall health, it is not the primary preventive measure for rheumatic heart disease. In an educational context, it is important to emphasize the significance of early recognition and appropriate treatment of streptococcal infections to prevent severe complications like rheumatic heart disease. Collaboration between healthcare providers, educators, and families is essential in implementing preventive strategies and promoting awareness about the risks associated with untreated streptococcal infections.