Bronzing:

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: Bronzing is a characteristic symptom of chronic adrenal cortical insufficiency (Addison's disease) due to increased production of melanin. In this condition, the adrenal glands do not produce enough steroid hormones, leading to skin hyperpigmentation. This differs from hyperglycemia (choice A), Cushing syndrome (choice B), and ADH insufficiency (choice D), which do not directly cause bronzing. Therefore, the correct choice is C.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Hyperglycemia leads to glucosuria and polyuria because when blood glucose levels are high, the kidneys cannot reabsorb all the glucose, leading to glucose spilling into the urine (glucosuria) and drawing more water into the urine, resulting in increased urine production (polyuria). This process helps to lower blood glucose levels. Other options are incorrect as hyperglycemia is not caused by excess insulin (A), does not cause hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia (C), and is not characteristic of adrenal insufficiency (D).

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because PTH (Parathyroid Hormone) acts on the kidneys by increasing calcium reabsorption and increasing the excretion of phosphate in the urine. PTH stimulates the kidney to reabsorb more calcium to maintain normal blood calcium levels. It also enhances the excretion of phosphate in the urine, helping to lower blood phosphate levels. Option A is incorrect because PTH does not block sodium reabsorption or increase water excretion in the kidneys. Option C is incorrect as PTH does not decrease the reabsorption of both calcium and phosphate. Option D is incorrect because PTH does not increase the excretion of H+ or bicarbonate.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because gonadotropins are secreted by the anterior pituitary gland, aldosterone is produced by the adrenal cortex, and epinephrine is released by the adrenal medulla. The anterior pituitary gland secretes gonadotropins such as FSH and LH. The adrenal cortex synthesizes aldosterone, which regulates sodium and potassium balance. The adrenal medulla produces epinephrine, involved in the fight or flight response. Choices A and C are incorrect because they do not match the correct associations of the hormones with their respective glands. Choice B is incorrect as the adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla are not part of the anterior pituitary gland.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: rapid acting effects. Endocrine properties involve hormones reaching targets through the blood, causing slow and cyclic effects. Rapid acting effects are more characteristic of the nervous system, not the endocrine system. Endocrine effects are caused by chemicals, so choice D is incorrect.