ATI RN
Respiratory System Test Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Breathing rate is more rapid when the ...... area is more active
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: pneumotaxic. The pneumotaxic area is located in the pons and regulates the rate and depth of breathing by inhibiting the inspiratory area in the medulla. When the pneumotaxic area is more active, it limits the duration of inspiratory bursts, causing a more rapid breathing rate. A: Apneustic area is located in the lower pons and promotes prolonged inspiration, leading to slower breathing rate. C: Medullary rhythmicity is responsible for setting the basic rhythm of breathing, not directly affecting breathing rate. D: None is incorrect as there is a specific brain area, pneumotaxic, that influences breathing rate.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse reading a tuberculin skin test (TST) on a new employee who lives in the Midwest, is 20-years-old, and has no known history of contact with any people with tuberculosis (TB). The nurse should interpret the reading as positive if the area around the injection site has an induration of how many millimeters?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D (15 mm) because for a low-risk individual like the new employee, a TST is considered positive if the induration is 15 mm or greater. This is based on the guidelines from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) for interpreting TST results in individuals without known risk factors. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because an induration of 0 mm, 5 mm, or 10 mm, respectively, would not meet the criteria for a positive TST in this low-risk individual. It is important to consider the individual's risk factors and follow established guidelines to accurately interpret TST results.
Question 3 of 5
Apart from its role in acid-base balance
Correct Answer: d
Rationale: Rationale: Carbonic anhydrase in the gastrointestinal tract catalyzes the conversion of carbon dioxide and water to bicarbonate and protons. This reaction helps maintain pH balance in the gut. Starch breakdown is not directly associated with carbonic anhydrase. Protein digestion is primarily carried out by proteases, and lipid absorption involves enzymes like lipase. These functions are not directly related to carbonic anhydrase in the gastrointestinal tract. Thus, the correct answer is D: Starch breakdown.
Question 4 of 5
While assessing an older adult patient, what finding indicates left-sided heart failure?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Crackles. Crackles indicate left-sided heart failure due to fluid accumulation in the lungs. This occurs when the left side of the heart is unable to efficiently pump blood, leading to fluid backing up into the lungs. Weight gain (A) may be a general sign of heart failure but is not specific to left-sided failure. Ascites (B) is more indicative of right-sided heart failure, where fluid accumulates in the abdomen. Jugular vein distention (D) is a sign of right-sided heart failure, where blood backs up into the systemic circulation causing jugular vein distention.
Question 5 of 5
Which of these statements is false regarding Pulmonary Resistance?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale for Correct Answer (C): - Increase of lung volume results in decrease, not increase, in resistance in extra alveolar vessels due to increased recruitment of capillaries. - This is known as distension recruitment, which helps reduce resistance in extra alveolar vessels. - Increased lung volume also helps to distribute blood flow more evenly in the lungs, reducing resistance. - Therefore, statement C is false. Summary of Incorrect Choices: A: True - increase in pulmonary arterial pressure generally causes a fall in pulmonary resistance due to vessel dilation. B: True - pulmonary resistance is indeed lower than systemic circulation resistance due to shorter pulmonary vascular bed. D: True - acetylcholine causes bronchiole smooth muscle contraction, not relaxation.