Blood pressure in the glomerulus is high because?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: High glomerular pressure stems from afferent arterioles' larger diameter than efferent resistance creates ~55 mmHg (e.g., filtration drive). Low oncotic pressure opposes incorrect. High capsular pressure (~15 mmHg) resists not causes. Thick basement membrane filters doesn't raise pressure. Arteriolar disparity distinguishes it, key to GFR, unlike opposing or structural factors.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Glucose reabsorption from lumen to cell is secondary active transport SGLT uses Na gradient (e.g., PCT), energy-dependent. Passive transport lacks energy false. Downhill misaligns against gradient. No energy contradicts mechanism incorrect. Sodium-coupled active transport distinguishes it, critical for glucose recovery, unlike passive or energy-free errors.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Intracellular potassium is ~150 mM high vs. extracellular ~4 mM (e.g., Na /K -ATPase maintains). 125 mM is close understated. 3.5 mM is extracellular opposite. 50 mM underestimates gradient incorrect. High concentration distinguishes it, critical for membrane potential, unlike lower values.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Na absorption in ascending Loop is active in thick (Na /K /2Cl⁻ cotransport) and passive in thin (e.g., gradient-driven). All passive ignores thick's pump false. All active overstates thin incorrect. Reversed activity misaligns thick is active. Dual mechanism distinguishes it, critical for concentration gradient, unlike uniform or swapped errors.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Normal adult blood pH is 7.35-7.45 tightly regulated (e.g., bicarbonate buffer). 7.45-7.8 is alkalosis abnormal. 6.8-7.35 includes acidosis too broad. 6.8-6.8 is lethal false. Narrow range distinguishes it, critical for homeostasis, unlike wide or extreme ranges.