Blood in the arcuate arteries flows next into the

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Arcuate arteries feed interlobular arteries not afferent (next), interlobar (prior), or glomerular (misnomer). This orders renal blood flow, critical for perfusion, contrasting with missteps.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Afferent arterioles arise from interlobular (from arcuate), supply glomerulus, and have JG cells all true. This fully describes their role, key for filtration, contrasting with partial traits.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Urine (filtrate) flows from the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) into the loop of Henle not minor calyx (collecting system), distal convoluted tubule (post-loop), or papillary duct (end of collecting duct). The PCT reabsorbs most filtrate before it enters the loop for concentration, making it the correct pre-loop location. This traces nephron flow, critical for understanding urine formation, contrasting with post-loop or collecting structures.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The pronephric duct's caudal end opens into the cloaca not primitive/definitive urogenital sinus (later), vesicourethral canal (bladder), or coelom. The cloaca is the early common chamber, critical for pronephric regression and mesonephric transition, contrasting with later subdivisions.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Premature ureteric bud division causes duplex ureter (one kidney, two ureters) not hypertrophy, agenesis, cysts, or shared ureter. This reflects branching error, key for anomalies, contrasting with unrelated defects.