Blocking afferent action potentials from the chemoreceptors in the carotid and aortic bodies would interfere with the brain's ability to regulate breathing in response to

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: changes in PCO2. Chemoreceptors in the carotid and aortic bodies detect levels of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and pH in the blood. Blocking afferent action potentials from these chemoreceptors would specifically interfere with detecting changes in PCO2, as these receptors primarily respond to alterations in CO2 levels. This interference would disrupt the brain's ability to regulate breathing in response to changes in PCO2, leading to potential respiratory problems. Choices A and C are incorrect because chemoreceptors primarily respond to CO2 levels, not O2 or pH. Choice D is incorrect because changes in blood pressure are primarily detected by baroreceptors, not chemoreceptors in the carotid and aortic bodies.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Trachea. Carina is the point where the trachea is divided into the left and right primary bronchi. This anatomical landmark is located at the lower end of the trachea where it bifurcates into the bronchi. The other choices, B: bronchi and C: larynx, are incorrect because the trachea is the structure that is divided at the carina, not the bronchi or larynx. Choice D: none of them is also incorrect because the trachea is indeed divided at the carina. Therefore, the correct answer is A as it accurately describes the anatomical location where the trachea divides.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because during inhalation, the rib muscles and diaphragm contract, expanding the chest cavity which increases its volume. This decrease in pressure inside the lungs allows air to rush in. Therefore, all the actions mentioned in options A, B, and C occur during inhalation. Rib muscle and diaphragm contraction, increased volume in the chest cavity, and decreased air pressure collectively facilitate the process of inhalation. The other choices are incorrect because they do not encompass all the necessary actions that occur during inhalation.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because montelukast is a leukotriene modifier that works by reducing inflammation and promoting bronchodilation in asthma patients. This helps in managing asthma symptoms and improving lung function. A is incorrect because montelukast can cause mild GI side effects such as nausea and diarrhea. C is incorrect because while montelukast helps in controlling asthma symptoms, it does not provide immediate relief during acute episodes. D is incorrect because montelukast is typically used as an add-on therapy and not as a replacement for all other asthma medications.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because having the client sit in a chair with feet flat on the floor is the recommended position for accurate baseline BP measurement. This position ensures proper alignment of the heart and the cuff, reducing errors caused by arm positioning. Choice A is incorrect as deflating the cuff at a rate of 30 mm Hg per second is not related to obtaining an accurate baseline BP measurement. Choice C is incorrect as measuring BP in the supine position can lead to inaccurate readings due to changes in blood flow dynamics. Choice D is incorrect as obtaining two BP readings in the dominant arm and averaging the results may not provide an accurate baseline BP measurement due to variations in BP readings between arms.