Bladder infections are known as

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: interstitial cell. Bladder infections are commonly referred to as cystitis, which is the inflammation of the bladder. Interstitial cells are found in the bladder wall and play a role in bladder function. Choice A, seminiferous tubule, is incorrect because it is a structure in the testes involved in sperm production. Choice B, nephritis, refers to inflammation of the kidneys, not the bladder. Choice D, diverticulitis, is inflammation of the diverticula in the colon, not related to bladder infections. Therefore, the most appropriate term for bladder infections is interstitial cell.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: the secretory phase. During the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle, the glands in the breast tissue prepare for potential milk production. This phase occurs after ovulation when the body is getting ready for a possible pregnancy. The other choices are incorrect because: A: the menstrual phase refers to the shedding of the uterine lining, not the breast glands. C: lactiferous ducts are the tubes that carry milk from the glands to the nipple, not the clusters of glands themselves. D: menses refers to the menstrual bleeding period, not the phase in which the breast glands are active for milk production.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: luteinising hormone (LH). Ovulation is triggered by a surge of LH from the anterior pituitary gland, which causes the mature follicle to rupture and release the egg. Inhibin (A) inhibits FSH secretion, FSH (B) stimulates follicle development, and progesterone (D) is produced after ovulation to support the uterine lining. Therefore, the surge of LH is the key hormone that directly triggers ovulation.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because all the tissues mentioned (zona pellucida, cumulus oophorous, theca) are indeed part of a developing follicle. The zona pellucida is the glycoprotein layer surrounding the oocyte, the cumulus oophorous is a cluster of granulosa cells surrounding the oocyte, and the theca is a layer of connective tissue surrounding the follicle. Choice A is incorrect because the corpus luteum is not part of a developing follicle. Choice B is incorrect because the acrosome is a structure in sperm, not the follicle. Choice C is incorrect because the corpus luteum is not part of a developing follicle, and the oocyte is already present within the follicle but is not considered a part of it.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Parturition is the process of giving birth. 2. Luteinising hormone (LH) is primarily involved in the menstrual cycle and ovulation, not parturition. 3. Prostaglandins and oxytocin play crucial roles in initiating and sustaining labor. 4. An increase in uterine oxytocin receptors is necessary for effective uterine contractions during parturition. 5. Therefore, an increase in luteinising hormone secretion is not involved in parturition. Summary of incorrect choices: A: Incorrect - an increase in prostaglandin secretion is involved in parturition. B: Incorrect - an increase in uterine oxytocin receptors is necessary for parturition. D: Incorrect - an increase in oxytocin secretion is crucial for initiating labor.