ATI RN
Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Answer Key Questions
Question 1 of 5
Bioelectrical impedance is an appropriate method of determining body composition in patients with obesity or diabetes mellitus.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: FALSE. Bioelectrical impedance is not considered accurate in patients with obesity or diabetes mellitus due to factors such as increased fluid retention and altered tissue characteristics affecting the results. Other choices (A, C, D) are incorrect as bioelectrical impedance is not suitable for body composition assessment in these populations.
Question 2 of 5
The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system regulates blood pressure by reducing the amount of Na+ that is reabsorbed in the distal and collecting tubules of the kidneys.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: TRUE. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system works to regulate blood pressure by increasing the reabsorption of Na+ in the distal and collecting tubules of the kidneys. Renin is released in response to low blood pressure, which leads to the formation of angiotensin II, stimulating the release of aldosterone. Aldosterone acts on the distal and collecting tubules to increase Na+ reabsorption, leading to water retention and increased blood volume, ultimately raising blood pressure. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not provide a detailed explanation of how the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system functions in regulating blood pressure.
Question 3 of 5
Cells in a hypertonic ECF tend to lose water by osmosis.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step 1: In a hypertonic extracellular fluid (ECF), there is a higher solute concentration outside the cell. Step 2: Due to osmosis, water will move from an area of low solute concentration (inside the cell) to high solute concentration (outside the cell). Step 3: As a result, cells in a hypertonic ECF tend to lose water to balance the solute concentration. Step 4: Therefore, the statement "Cells in a hypertonic ECF tend to lose water by osmosis" is true. Summary: Choice A is correct because water moves out of the cell in a hypertonic environment. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not provide a logical explanation based on osmosis principles.
Question 4 of 5
Hypertonicity in the ECF is sensed by osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus do sense changes in extracellular fluid (ECF) tonicity. When ECF becomes hypertonic, these osmoreceptors are activated, leading to the release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) to increase water reabsorption and maintain body fluid balance. The other choices are incorrect as they do not provide any relevant information or reasoning.
Question 5 of 5
Only the H+ ions that are free in solution will contribute to the pH of that solution.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step 1: pH is a measure of the concentration of H+ ions in a solution. Step 2: Only free H+ ions can interact with water molecules to affect pH. Step 3: Bound H+ ions in compounds do not directly impact pH. Step 4: Therefore, only free H+ ions contribute to the pH of a solution. Step 5: Thus, the statement that only free H+ ions contribute to pH is TRUE. Other choices are incorrect as they do not provide a logical explanation for the concept.