ATI RN
Gastrointestinal Practice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Bile salts combine with fatty acids to form complexes called _____ that facilitate absorption.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: micelles. Bile salts emulsify fats in the small intestine, forming micelles that enhance the absorption of fatty acids. Chylomicrons (A) are large lipoprotein particles that transport dietary lipids, not complexes with bile salts. Globules (C) are not specifically related to bile salts and fatty acids. Lipoproteins (D) are also involved in lipid transport but are not the complexes formed by bile salts and fatty acids. Thus, choice B is the correct answer as it directly relates to the process of fat absorption facilitated by bile salts.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is reviewing the laboratory data of a client who has acute pancreatitis. The nurse should expect to find an elevation of which of following values?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Amylase. During acute pancreatitis, the pancreas becomes inflamed, leading to leakage of amylase into the bloodstream. Therefore, elevated levels of serum amylase are expected in clients with acute pancreatitis. A: Calcium levels may be decreased in acute pancreatitis due to fat necrosis and calcium binding to free fatty acids. B: RBC count is not typically affected in acute pancreatitis. C: Magnesium levels may be normal or slightly decreased, but it is not a consistent finding in acute pancreatitis.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is interviewing a client who has acute pancreatitis. Which of the following factors should the nurse anticipate finding in the client's history?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Gallstones. Acute pancreatitis is commonly caused by gallstones or alcohol consumption. Gallstones can block the pancreatic duct, leading to inflammation. Hypolipidemia, COPD, and diabetes mellitus are not directly associated with pancreatitis. This history finding helps the nurse identify the potential cause and plan appropriate care.
Question 4 of 5
To prevent gastroesophageal reflux in a male client with a hiatal hernia, the nurse should provide which of the following discharge instructions?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: "Avoid coffee and alcoholic beverages." This is because both coffee and alcohol can relax the lower esophageal sphincter, leading to increased likelihood of gastroesophageal reflux. A: "Lie down after meals" can worsen reflux symptoms as gravity helps keep stomach contents down. C: "Take antacids with meals" may provide temporary relief but does not address the underlying cause of reflux. D: "Limit fluid intake with meals" can help reduce bloating but has no direct impact on preventing reflux.
Question 5 of 5
The tunica muscularis in the superior esophagus is made up of ______ muscle.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: skeletal muscle. The superior esophagus contains skeletal muscle in its tunica muscularis, allowing for voluntary control over swallowing. Cardiac muscle is found in the heart, not in the esophagus. Smooth muscle is present in the lower esophagus for involuntary movements. Choice D is incorrect as the superior esophagus does not contain a mix of smooth and skeletal muscle.