Bile pigments:

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because bile pigments, such as bilirubin, increase in the blood in liver disease due to impaired liver function. Bilirubin is a waste product from the breakdown of red blood cells and is normally processed by the liver. Elevated levels of bile pigments in the blood are a common indicator of liver dysfunction. Choice A is incorrect because bile pigments are derived from heme, not the globin portion of hemoglobin. Choice B is incorrect because bile pigments aid in the emulsification of fats but do not directly help in fat digestion and absorption. Choice C is incorrect as bile pigments are conjugated with glucuronic acid, not sulphate, in the liver.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The primary function of the small intestine is the absorption of nutrients. Step 1: Digestive enzymes break down food in the small intestine. Step 2: Villi and microvilli in the intestine absorb nutrients like glucose and amino acids. Step 3: Nutrients are then transported to the bloodstream for distribution to cells. Thus, choice A is correct. Choices B and C are incorrect because mechanical digestion primarily occurs in the stomach, and digestive enzymes are produced by other organs like the pancreas. Choice D is incorrect as the small intestine does not store bile; it is produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Providing skin care to the area around the tube site. This task can be safely delegated to an LPN/VN because it involves basic wound care and monitoring for signs of infection or skin breakdown. LPNs/VNs are trained to provide this type of care under the supervision of a registered nurse (RN). A: Assessing the patient's nutritional status weekly requires a higher level of assessment and interpretation of data, which is typically within the scope of an RN. C: Teaching the patient how to administer the feedings involves patient education and requires a higher level of critical thinking and assessment skills, typically performed by an RN. D: Determining the need for adding water to the feedings involves making clinical judgments and adjustments to the enteral nutrition plan, which should be overseen by an RN.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. This patient reporting intermittent nausea may have altered nutritional intake, which warrants a referral to the dietitian for a complete nutritional assessment. Nausea can affect food intake and nutrient absorption, potentially leading to malnutrition. Options B, C, and D do not directly indicate a need for a dietitian referral based on the information provided. The patient with rheumatoid arthritis taking prednisone may benefit from dietary interventions, but the information provided does not specify any nutritional concerns. The patient with fluctuating weight gains and losses may have nutritional issues, but further details are needed to justify a dietitian referral. The patient admitted for debridement of an infected wound may have increased nutritional needs due to wound healing, but this alone does not warrant a dietitian referral without additional information on the patient's nutritional status.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 32. An average adult human has 32 permanent teeth, including 8 incisors, 4 canines, 8 premolars, and 12 molars. These teeth are developed during childhood and adolescence and are meant to last a lifetime, barring any dental issues. Option A (20) is too low for adult teeth count, C (30) is close but incorrect, and D (52) is too high and includes extra teeth, such as wisdom teeth which not everyone develops.