ATI RN
Introduction to Epidemiology Case Study Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Between 2010 and 2015, 1000 of 10,000 young women age 17 to 20 years at a university tested positive for a sexually transmitted infection (STI). Of the 1000 diagnosed STIs, 300
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale: 1. Choice A summarizes the findings by stating that 1000 out of 10,000 young women tested positive for an STI between 2010-2015. 2. Choice B focuses on the proportion of gonorrhea cases only, which is not the main point of the question. 3. Since C and D are incomplete, they do not provide any relevant information about the findings. Therefore, choice A is correct as it accurately summarizes the main finding of the STI prevalence among young women at the university.
Question 2 of 5
Which of the following statistics is used by countries to compare the success of their health care systems?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Infant mortality rate. This statistic is used to compare the success of health care systems as it reflects the number of deaths of infants under one year old per 1,000 live births. A lower infant mortality rate indicates better access to healthcare and overall health outcomes. A: Attack rate is used to measure the frequency of new cases of a disease in a population during a specific time period, not specific to healthcare system comparison. C: Proportionate mortality ratio is a measure of the proportion of deaths from a specific cause compared to all deaths, not specifically for comparing healthcare systems. D: Cause-specific mortality rate measures the number of deaths from a specific cause in a population, which is not comprehensive enough to evaluate overall healthcare system success.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse advises a client with osteoporosis to have three servings of milk or dairy products daily. Which of the following levels of prevention is being used by the nurse?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Secondary prevention. The nurse is engaging in secondary prevention by recommending the client to consume three servings of milk or dairy products daily to prevent further bone loss in osteoporosis. Secondary prevention aims to detect and treat a disease in its early stages to prevent complications. In this case, the nurse is intervening early to prevent worsening of osteoporosis. A: Primary prevention focuses on preventing the disease from occurring in the first place. C: Tertiary prevention involves managing and improving the quality of life for individuals already diagnosed with a disease. D: Treatment, but not prevention, would involve managing symptoms or complications of a disease without focusing on preventing further progression.
Question 4 of 5
Statistics clearly demonstrate that there are significantly more cases of a disease in one particular neighborhood than in all the rest of the city. Assuming all else is the same, which of the following is the most likely explanation for a single neighborhood having such a different pattern of illness?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: A cultural or ethnic concentration in the neighborhood. This is the most likely explanation because cultural or ethnic factors can influence health behaviors, access to healthcare, genetic predispositions, and environmental exposures. This concentration can lead to higher rates of the disease within that specific community. Explanation for why the other choices are incorrect: B: The geographic location of the neighborhood within the city is less likely to directly influence disease prevalence unless there are specific environmental factors present. C: A statistical fluke without meaning is unlikely if there are clear and significant differences in disease rates between the neighborhood and the rest of the city. D: The time of year the different statistics were collected throughout the city is less likely to impact disease prevalence unless seasonal factors are directly related to the disease.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following types of study should the nurse researcher choose if the goal is to identify the long-term benefits and risks of a particular nursing intervention for senior citizens living in the community?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Clinical trial. A clinical trial is the most appropriate type of study to identify the long-term benefits and risks of a nursing intervention in senior citizens. Clinical trials involve controlled experimentation with participants assigned to different groups, allowing for comparison of outcomes over time. This design enables researchers to assess the effectiveness and safety of interventions in a systematic and rigorous manner. Explanation of why other choices are incorrect: A: Cross-sectional study - This type of study provides a snapshot of a population at a specific point in time and does not allow for the assessment of long-term benefits and risks. B: Ecological study - Focuses on group-level data rather than individual-level data, making it less suitable for assessing individual outcomes over time. D: Retrospective analysis - Involves looking back at historical data, which may not provide the necessary controlled environment to evaluate the long-term effects of a nursing intervention.