ATI RN
Introduction to Epidemiology Case Study Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Between 2010 and 2015, 1000 of 10,000 young women age 17 to 20 years at a university tested positive for a sexually transmitted infection (STI). Of the 1000 diagnosed STIs, 300
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale: 1. Statement A summarizes the findings by highlighting the key information about the STI prevalence among young women at the university. 2. It accurately presents the data - 1000 out of 10,000 young women tested positive for an STI, providing a clear summary of the situation. 3. It focuses on the main point of the data, which is the prevalence of STIs among the specified group. 4. Option B talks about the proportion of gonorrhea cases, which is not the main focus of the question. Options C and D are incomplete and do not provide a clear summary of the findings.
Question 2 of 5
Which of the following statistics is used by countries to compare the success of their health care systems?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Infant mortality rate. This statistic is used to compare the success of health care systems as it reflects the number of deaths of infants under one year old per 1,000 live births. A lower infant mortality rate indicates better access to healthcare and overall health outcomes for both mothers and infants. A: Attack rate is used to measure the frequency of new cases of a disease in a population during a specific period, not directly related to health care system comparison. C: Proportionate mortality ratio compares the proportion of deaths from a specific cause to all deaths, not specifically related to health care system success comparison. D: Cause-specific mortality rate measures the number of deaths from a specific cause per population, not directly related to the overall success of health care systems.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse advises a client with osteoporosis to have three servings of milk or dairy products daily. Which of the following levels of prevention is being used by the nurse?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The nurse advising the client with osteoporosis to have three servings of milk or dairy products daily is an example of secondary prevention. Secondary prevention aims to detect and treat a disease in its early stages to prevent complications. In this case, the nurse is recommending dietary changes to prevent further bone loss or fractures in the client with osteoporosis, which aligns with the goals of secondary prevention. Choice A (Primary prevention) focuses on preventing the disease from occurring in the first place, such as promoting healthy lifestyles to prevent osteoporosis. Choice C (Tertiary prevention) aims to manage and improve the quality of life for individuals already diagnosed with a disease, which is more advanced than the scenario provided. Choice D (Treatment, but not prevention) involves addressing the disease after it has already occurred, rather than taking proactive measures to prevent further complications.
Question 4 of 5
Statistics clearly demonstrate that there are significantly more cases of a disease in one particular neighborhood than in all the rest of the city. Assuming all else is the same, which of the following is the most likely explanation for a single neighborhood having such a different pattern of illness?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: A cultural or ethnic concentration in the neighborhood. This is the most likely explanation because certain cultural or ethnic groups may have specific lifestyle habits, genetic predispositions, or environmental exposures that make them more susceptible to the disease. This would result in higher prevalence within that neighborhood compared to the rest of the city. Choice B is incorrect as the geographic location alone is unlikely to cause such a significant difference in disease prevalence. Choice C is incorrect because if the statistics are significant and consistent, it is unlikely to be a statistical fluke. Choice D is incorrect because the time of year should not impact disease prevalence in one neighborhood significantly more than the entire city.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following types of study should the nurse researcher choose if the goal is to identify the long-term benefits and risks of a particular nursing intervention for senior citizens living in the community?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Clinical trial. In this scenario, a clinical trial is the most appropriate study design to identify the long-term benefits and risks of a nursing intervention. Clinical trials involve the systematic study of interventions in human subjects to evaluate their effects on health outcomes. By conducting a clinical trial, the nurse researcher can control variables, monitor participants over an extended period, and assess the intervention's impact on senior citizens living in the community. Cross-sectional studies (A) are snapshots in time and do not provide information on long-term outcomes. Ecological studies (B) analyze population-level data and may not offer individual-level insights. Retrospective analysis (D) involves looking back at historical data and may not capture real-time long-term effects of interventions.