ATI RN
Nursing Care of the Elderly as a Vulnerable Population Questions
Question 1 of 5
Between 2000 and 2005, 1000 of 10,000 young women ages 17 to 20 years at a university tested positive for a sexually transmitted infection (STI). Of the 1000 diagnosed STIs, 300 were gonorrhea and 500 were chlamydia. How could this STI problem be summarized?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because it provides a clear summary of the STI problem by stating the specific number of cases of gonorrhea and chlamydia out of the total STI cases. The statement "300 were gonorrhea and 500 were chlamydia" effectively summarizes the distribution of specific STIs within the total cases. A: Incorrect. This choice only mentions the number of gonorrhea cases and does not provide information about chlamydia cases or the total number of STI cases, so it does not give a comprehensive summary of the problem. C, D: These choices are incorrect because they are incomplete and do not provide any relevant information to summarize the STI problem.
Question 2 of 5
A man is diagnosed with prostate cancer. What does the nurse need to know to be able to answer the man when he asks, "What are the chances I'll survive this thing?"
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Case fatality rate. Case fatality rate indicates the proportion of individuals diagnosed with a specific condition who die from that condition within a specified time frame. In the context of prostate cancer, the case fatality rate will provide the man with an estimation of the likelihood of survival post-diagnosis. Rationale: 1. Attack rate (Choice A) is the proportion of individuals who develop a specific disease among those exposed to the disease within a defined time period. This does not provide information on survival chances. 2. Cause-specific morbidity rate (Choice C) refers to the prevalence of a specific disease in a population but does not indicate the likelihood of survival for an individual with the disease. 3. Crude mortality rate (Choice D) is the total number of deaths in a population due to any cause, not specific to prostate cancer. It does not provide insight into the survival chances of an individual with prostate cancer.
Question 3 of 5
Which model would be helpful to the nurse in examining the various factors that can lead to disease and suggesting several areas where the nurse could possibly intervene to reduce future incidence of disease?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, Web of causality. This model helps the nurse explore the complex interplay of multiple factors contributing to disease. By understanding the interconnectedness of various factors, the nurse can identify points of intervention to prevent or reduce disease incidence. The other choices are incorrect because: A: Epidemiologic triangle focuses on host, agent, and environment, but may not capture all contributing factors. B: Health promotion is more about promoting health behaviors rather than examining disease causation. C: Levels of prevention outline different stages of prevention (primary, secondary, tertiary) but do not provide a comprehensive view of disease causation.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is conducting a screening at the local high school, and all community residents have been invited. A large group of people have gathered to have various screening tests done. The nurse has only a regular blood pressure (BP) cuff. Since it will be used on individuals who are extremely obese as well as some students who look anorexic, what might the BP results lack?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Reliability. The regular BP cuff may lack reliability in this scenario due to its size not being suitable for extremely obese individuals or very thin students. This can lead to inaccurate BP readings, affecting the reliability of the screening results. Sensitivity (B) refers to the ability of a test to correctly identify those with the condition, specificity (C) refers to the ability to correctly identify those without the condition, and validity (D) refers to the overall accuracy of the test. In this case, the main issue lies in the reliability of the BP cuff for different body types, making it the most appropriate choice.
Question 5 of 5
A woman is sitting in a corner of the clinical waiting room, crying audibly. The nurse asks, "What's wrong? Can I help?" The woman responds, "They just told me I have a positive mammogram and I need to see my doctor for follow-up tests. I know I'm going to die of cancer. How can I tell my family?" What does the nurse need to know in order to help the woman cope with her news?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: The positive predictive value of mammography. The nurse needs to understand the likelihood that a positive mammogram result truly indicates cancer in this specific patient. By knowing the positive predictive value, the nurse can provide accurate information and support to the woman. Choice A is incorrect because the negative predictive value is not relevant in this scenario. Choice C is incorrect as the reliability of mammography does not address the woman's immediate emotional distress. Choice D is incorrect as the validity of mammography does not directly help the nurse in supporting the woman's emotional needs.