ATI RN
Drug and Dosage for ET Tube Cardiovascular Pharmacological Agents Questions
Question 1 of 5
Beta-receptor antagonists have all of the following cardiovascular effects EXCEPT:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Beta-receptor antagonists, also known as beta-blockers, do not cause a fall in peripheral resistance as an acute effect. Here's why: A, negative inotropic and chronotropic effects, occur because beta-blockers decrease heart rate and contractility. C, vasoconstriction, is not a direct effect of beta-blockers; they actually cause vasodilation. D, reduction of renin release, is correct as beta-blockers inhibit renin-angiotensin system activity. Therefore, B is the exception among the listed cardiovascular effects of beta-receptor antagonists.
Question 2 of 5
Which of the following antiseizure drugs acts directly on the GABA receptor-chloride channel complex?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Diazepam is a benzodiazepine that enhances GABAergic transmission by binding to GABA-A receptors. 2. GABA-A receptors are chloride channels that open in response to GABA binding. 3. By binding to GABA-A receptors, diazepam increases chloride influx, leading to neuronal hyperpolarization and inhibition of seizure activity. Summary: A. Vigabatrin inhibits GABA transaminase, increasing GABA levels indirectly. C. Gabapentin modulates calcium channels and has no direct effect on GABA receptors. D. Valproate increases GABA levels but does not directly bind to GABA receptors.
Question 3 of 5
Mu (μ) receptors are associated with:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because mu (μ) receptors are primarily associated with analgesia, euphoria, respiratory depression, and physical dependence. This is supported by pharmacological studies and clinical observations. Choice B is incorrect because mydriasis and sedation are not typically associated with mu receptors. Choice C is incorrect because dysphoria, hallucinations, and respiratory/vasomotor stimulation are more commonly linked to other receptor types. Choice D is incorrect because respiratory stimulation is not a typical effect of mu receptor activation. Overall, the key characteristics of mu receptors align with the effects listed in option A, making it the correct choice.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following agents may be used as an antidote for ethylene glycol and methanol poisoning?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Certainly! Fomepizol is the correct antidote for ethylene glycol and methanol poisoning as it inhibits the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase, preventing the conversion of these toxic alcohols into their more harmful metabolites. Disulfiram (A) is used in alcohol aversion therapy, not for poisoning treatment. Naltrexone (C) is an opioid receptor antagonist used in alcohol dependence, not poisoning. Amphetamine (D) is a stimulant drug, not an antidote for poisoning. Thus, B is the correct choice for treating ethylene glycol and methanol poisonings.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following statements is correct for clozapine?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale: A: Correct. Clozapine has potent anticholinergic activity, leading to side effects like dry mouth and constipation. B: Incorrect. Clozapine has higher affinity for serotonin receptors than D1 and D2 dopamine receptors. C: Incorrect. Clozapine is known for low extrapyramidal side effects compared to typical antipsychotics. D: Incorrect. Clozapine is an atypical antipsychotic, not related to typical antipsychotic agents.