Benign myoclonic epilepsiare often best treated with

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Benign myoclonic epilepsies, like juvenile myoclonic epilepsy, respond best to valproate , a broad-spectrum antiepileptic that stabilizsodium channels and enhancGABA, effectively controlling myoclonic jerks. Clonazepam and other benzodiazepinare adjunctive, with sedation limiting use. Lamotrigine may worsen myoclonus in some cases, and topiramate is less preferred due to cognitive side effects. Valproatefficacy across myoclonic syndromes, supported by clinical trials, makes D the correct answer, balancing effectiveness and tolerability in this condition.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: SWS port-wine stain is congenital , usually unilateral , and follows the trigeminal nervophthalmic division , often with neurologic sequelae (E is false as stated). It donot always involve the upper face/eyelid ; while common, stains can spare this area and still cause SWS if in V1-V2 distribution. This variability makes C the exception and correct answer, clarifying that upper face involvement is frequent but not mandatory.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) in infants caushead circumference growth , bulging fontanel , vomiting , and setting sun sign due to CSF or mass effects. Failure to thrive is not a direct sign; it may occur secondary to chronic illness but isnt specific to ICP. This distinction direct pressure signs versus systemic effects makes C the exception and correct answer.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Premature infants blink to light by 30 weeks corrected gestational age , as the pupillary reflex matur(Volpe). Earlier (26-28 weeks, A-B) lacks this response; later (32-34 weeks) is typical for term infants. This neurologic milestone 30 weeks makes C the correct answer, reflecting ocular development.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Neurodevelopmental abnormalitipose the highest epilepsy risk (~30-50%) after febrile seizures, indicating underlying brain dysfunction. Recurrent seizur, short fever onset , family history , and complex seizurhave lower risks (~5-15%). Structural or functional brain issudrive C as the correct answer.