Benefits from the human microbiome include all the following except:

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because the human microbiome does not secrete enzymes like lysozyme; instead, lysozyme is produced by the human body. A is correct as the microbiome can out-compete harmful bacteria. B is correct as the microbiome produces short chain fatty acids. D is correct as the microbiome helps in the development of the gut-associated immune system. Therefore, C is the only option that does not accurately describe a benefit from the human microbiome.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Passive immunization involves the transfer of pre-formed antibodies to confer immediate protection. Choice C is correct as it describes receiving serum containing antibodies from an immune individual. Choice A is incorrect because it describes active immunization. Choice B is incorrect as it refers to the primary immune response, which is part of active immunization. Choice D is incorrect as it describes the process of immunization itself, not passive immunization.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 1-C, 2-A, 3-B, 4-D. Immunoglobulins are antibodies with different functions: 1. IgG (C) - Main antibody in secondary immune response. 2. IgA (A) - Found in mucosal areas, neutralizes pathogens. 3. IgM (B) - First antibody produced in primary immune response. 4. IgE (D) - Involved in allergic reactions and defense against parasites. Other choices are incorrect as they mismatch the immunoglobulins with their functions.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Typhoid. Live attenuated vaccines contain weakened forms of the pathogen that can replicate in the host to stimulate a strong immune response without causing disease. Typhoid vaccine is an example of a live attenuated bacterial vaccine because it contains weakened Salmonella typhi bacteria. Cholera (A), Anthrax (C), and Plague (D) vaccines are not live attenuated bacterial vaccines; they are either killed/inactivated or subunit vaccines. Live attenuated vaccines provide longer-lasting immunity compared to other vaccine types.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The elevated eosinophil level indicates an allergic reaction. Eosinophils are white blood cells involved in allergic responses. They increase in response to allergens. Allergic reactions involve the immune system's response to harmless substances, triggering the release of eosinophils. Cancer, acute viral infections, and autoimmune diseases typically do not directly cause eosinophil elevation. Therefore, the correct answer is B (Allergic reactions).