Behavioral leadership theory recognizes three styles of leadership. Which of the following best describes democratic leadership?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Democratic leadership involves collaboration and shared decision-making. 2. Option D aligns with this as it states that the leader makes plans and decisions with the team. 3. This style empowers team members and fosters a sense of ownership and commitment. 4. Option A is incorrect as communication of meaning and purpose is not exclusive to democratic leadership. 5. Option B is incorrect as giving orders contradicts the collaborative nature of democratic leadership. 6. Option C is incorrect as doing little planning or decision-making goes against the essence of democratic leadership.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Network model. In a network model HMO, the organization contracts with two or more IPAs. IPAs are groups of independent doctors who work together to provide care. This model allows members to choose from a network of providers. A: Staff model HMOs directly employ physicians. B: Point of service model HMOs allow members to go out of network for care. D: Group model HMOs contract with a single medical group, not multiple IPAs. Therefore, the network model is the correct choice as it specifically involves contracting with multiple IPAs, distinguishing it from the other options.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because all the elements mentioned - collaborative practice teams, established critical pathways, and quality management system - are essential for effective case management. Collaborative practice teams ensure comprehensive care, critical pathways provide a structured approach to care delivery, and a quality management system ensures high standards of care. Each element plays a crucial role in the successful implementation of case management by promoting coordination, efficiency, and quality assurance. Therefore, selecting all of the above options is necessary to cover all key aspects of effective case management.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Quantum. Quantum leadership style emphasizes adaptability, innovation, and collaboration, which are essential in navigating the complexities of modern healthcare systems. This style encourages leaders to be flexible, open to change, and able to think holistically. Servant leadership (B) focuses on serving others and may not provide the agility needed to address the rapidly evolving healthcare landscape. Autocratic leadership (C) is authoritative and may not foster the necessary collaboration and empowerment required in modern healthcare settings. Democratic leadership (D) involves shared decision-making but might not be as transformative and adaptable as quantum leadership in response to the complexities of healthcare delivery systems.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: change. Nurse managers often encounter resistance when implementing changes in healthcare settings. Facilitating change involves effectively managing resistance, promoting buy-in, and ensuring successful implementation. This skill is crucial for nurse managers to drive positive outcomes and improve patient care. Planning (choice C) and collection of data (choice D) are important skills but do not directly address the challenges of managing change. Resistance (choice A) is the opposite of what nurse managers aim to overcome when leading change initiatives.