Before developing a procedure, a nurse reviews all current research-based literature on insertion of a nasogastric tube. What type of nursing will be practiced based on this review?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: evidence-based nursing. By reviewing research-based literature on nasogastric tube insertion, the nurse will base their practice on the best available evidence. This approach integrates clinical expertise, patient values, and the best research evidence to make decisions about patient care. Evidence-based nursing emphasizes using the most current and relevant research to inform practice, ensuring the delivery of high-quality, effective, and safe care. A: Institutional practice does not necessarily involve the systematic review of research literature. B: Authoritative nursing relies heavily on expert opinions rather than research evidence. D: Fsimulated-based nursing is not a recognized term in nursing literature and does not emphasize the critical appraisal of research evidence.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because a value is a belief about the worth of something that guides behavior. Values are deeply held beliefs that influence our attitudes and actions. Choice A is incorrect as it refers to ethics and morality. Choice B is incorrect as it describes the process of determining values, not the values themselves. Choice D is incorrect as it describes virtues or character traits, not values. In summary, values are fundamental beliefs about what is important or worthwhile, guiding our behavior and decisions.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because it demonstrates advocacy by encouraging the patient to express their concerns and preferences. By asking the patient to elaborate on their reasons for not wanting surgery, the nurse is actively listening and supporting the patient's autonomy in decision-making. This approach helps the nurse better understand the patient's perspective and provide more personalized care. Choice A is incorrect as it imposes the nurse's personal opinion on the patient, which is not advocating for the patient's autonomy. Choice B does not provide any guidance or support to the patient, failing to advocate for the patient's needs. Choice D shifts the responsibility to the doctor without actively engaging with the patient, missing the opportunity to advocate for the patient's voice and concerns.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because incident reports should contain all the variables related to the incident for accurate documentation and analysis. Step 1: Documenting all details ensures transparency and provides a complete picture. Step 2: Including variables like date, time, location, individuals involved, and details of the incident helps in understanding the cause and implementing preventive measures. Step 3: Omitting critical information may hinder the investigation and resolution process. Therefore, choice D is correct. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. Choice A is incorrect as incident reports are typically filled out by the person directly involved in the incident. Choice B is incorrect because including names of staff involved is crucial for accountability and follow-up. Choice C is incorrect as incident reports are meant for improving processes, not for punitive measures.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Amount of perceived stress. This factor is crucial because individuals can experience the same stressor differently based on how they perceive and interpret it. This influences their emotional and physiological responses. Hair color (B) and skin type (D) are not relevant factors in determining how individuals react to stress. Individual coping skills (C) are important, but they are a result of how individuals perceive and handle stress rather than a factor influencing their initial reaction. Thus, the amount of perceived stress is the most relevant factor in understanding how individuals react to stressors.