Because nausea and vomiting are such common complaints of pregnant women, the nurse provides anticipatory guidance to a 6-week gestation client by telling her to do which of the following?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the context of pharmacology and maternal health, providing anticipatory guidance to pregnant women is crucial for their well-being. In this scenario, the correct answer is A) Avoid eating greasy foods. Greasy foods can exacerbate nausea and vomiting in pregnant women due to their higher fat content, which can be harder to digest and can trigger gastrointestinal discomfort. By advising the client to avoid greasy foods, the nurse is promoting a dietary recommendation that may help alleviate the common symptoms of nausea and vomiting during pregnancy. Option B) Drink orange juice before rising may not be the most effective recommendation for alleviating nausea and vomiting in pregnant women. While some women may find relief from consuming citrus fruits, others may experience increased symptoms due to the acidity of orange juice. Option C) Consuming 1 teaspoon of nutmeg each morning is not a safe or evidence-based recommendation for managing nausea and vomiting in pregnancy. Nutmeg in large amounts can be toxic and may harm both the mother and the developing fetus. Option D) Eat 3 large meals plus a bedtime snack is not advisable for managing nausea and vomiting during pregnancy. Eating large meals can overwhelm the digestive system and may worsen symptoms. Instead, it is often recommended for pregnant women to eat smaller, more frequent meals throughout the day to help manage symptoms. In an educational context, it is essential for nurses and healthcare providers to understand the rationale behind dietary recommendations for pregnant women to provide safe and evidence-based care. By explaining the effects of different food choices on pregnancy symptoms, nurses can empower women to make informed decisions about their health during this critical time.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is B) An enlarged ovary. Explanation: During early pregnancy, the ovary from which the egg was released (corpus luteum) will enlarge and persist for a while as it continues to support the developing pregnancy by producing progesterone. This physiological process is known as the corpus luteum cyst of pregnancy. Therefore, during a vaginal examination at 6 weeks of pregnancy, the practitioner would expect to find an enlarged ovary due to the presence of the corpus luteum cyst. Why the other options are incorrect: A) Thin cervical muscle: The cervical muscle thickness is not typically a significant finding during a vaginal examination in early pregnancy. C) Thick cervical mucus: While cervical mucus changes consistency throughout the menstrual cycle, thick cervical mucus alone would not be a specific finding at 6 weeks of pregnancy. D) Pale pink vaginal wall: The color of the vaginal wall is not a specific indicator of pregnancy at 6 weeks, and pale pink color is not a characteristic finding related to early pregnancy. Educational Context: Understanding the physiological changes that occur in early pregnancy and their clinical manifestations is crucial for healthcare providers, especially those involved in obstetrics and gynecology. Recognizing the presence of an enlarged ovary due to the corpus luteum cyst is a key aspect of monitoring and assessing early pregnancy development. This knowledge helps practitioners provide appropriate care and support to pregnant individuals, ensuring optimal maternal and fetal outcomes.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is option C) 133 to 134 lb. The rationale behind this is based on the physiological changes that occur during pregnancy, specifically weight gain. On average, a pregnant woman with a normal BMI is expected to gain around 1 lb per week during the second and third trimesters. At 24 weeks of gestation, which is 4 weeks after the initial visit at 20 weeks, the client would be expected to have gained approximately 4 lbs (1 lb per week x 4 weeks). Therefore, starting at 128 lb, the client would likely weigh around 132 lb at 24 weeks. Options A, B, and D are incorrect because they do not account for the expected weight gain during pregnancy. Option A is too conservative, while options B and D overestimate the weight gain. Understanding the pattern of weight gain in pregnancy is crucial for monitoring maternal and fetal well-being, assessing for complications like gestational diabetes or hypertension, and providing appropriate prenatal care. This question highlights the importance of monitoring maternal weight during pregnancy to ensure the health and well-being of both the mother and the developing fetus. It also emphasizes the need for healthcare providers to have a good understanding of normal physiological changes during pregnancy to provide optimal care and support to pregnant individuals.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this scenario, option D is the correct answer because it is normal for pregnant women to experience colostrum leakage from their breasts in the third trimester. Colostrum is the first milk produced by the mammary glands in late pregnancy and is a sign that the body is preparing for breastfeeding. Option A is incorrect because a galactocele is a benign breast mass filled with milk and usually not associated with leaking. Option B is incorrect because pumping breasts to stimulate milk supply is not necessary or recommended in this situation as the leakage is a normal physiological process. Option C is incorrect because not all breast discharge indicates an infection, and in this case, the discharge is likely colostrum. Educationally, this scenario highlights the importance of understanding normal physiological changes during pregnancy, including breast changes. It is crucial for healthcare providers to educate pregnant individuals about these changes to alleviate concerns and promote a better understanding of their bodies during pregnancy.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is B) Dizziness. When a gravid lies flat on her back, especially at 36 weeks gestation, there is an increased risk of supine hypotensive syndrome due to compression of the inferior vena cava by the uterus. This compression can lead to reduced venous return, decreased cardiac output, and subsequent symptoms like dizziness. Option A) Hypertension is incorrect because lying flat on the back does not typically cause hypertension but rather hypotension in this context. Option C) Rales are abnormal lung sounds associated with conditions like heart failure and pneumonia, not specifically related to the position of lying flat on the back. Option D) Chloasma is a skin condition characterized by hyperpigmentation, which is unrelated to the position of lying flat on the back during pregnancy. In the educational context, it is crucial for healthcare providers, especially those involved in maternal care, to understand the physiological changes that occur during pregnancy and how certain positions can impact maternal and fetal well-being. By recognizing the risks associated with lying flat on the back in late pregnancy, healthcare professionals can implement preventive measures to ensure the safety and comfort of pregnant individuals.