Based on the assessment, you classified a 3-month old infant with the chief complaint of diarrhea in the category of SOME DEHYDRATION. Based on the IMCI management guidelines, which of the following will you do?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Supervise the mother in giving 200 to 400 ml of Oresol in 4 hours. Rationale: 1. Oresol helps in rehydration and contains essential electrolytes. 2. For a 3-month-old with some dehydration, oral rehydration therapy is effective and safe. 3. The amount specified (200-400ml) is appropriate for the age and condition. 4. Supervision ensures proper administration and monitoring of intake. 5. This aligns with IMCI guidelines promoting effective home-based management of dehydration. Summary: A: Bringing the infant to a facility for IV fluids is not necessary for some dehydration. C: Giving home management instructions without active involvement may lead to improper rehydration. D: Keeping the infant in the health center is not needed if proper home-based rehydration can be supervised.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: The correct dose for preschoolers to prevent xerophthalmia is 10,000 IU of Retinol every 6 months. This dosage is within the safe range for young children and is sufficient to meet their vitamin A requirements. Choices B, C, and D exceed the recommended dose for preschoolers, which can lead to toxicity and adverse effects. Therefore, choice A is correct as it provides the appropriate amount of Retinol to prevent xerophthalmia without risking vitamin A toxicity.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Bread. Bread is one of the food items mandated for fortification under RA 8976. This is because bread is a staple food consumed by a large portion of the population, making it an ideal vehicle for fortification to reach a wide audience and address micronutrient deficiencies effectively. Sugar (A) is not typically fortified due to its high consumption in refined form, which may not be suitable for adding nutrients. Margarine (C) can be fortified but is not specifically mandated under RA 8976. Filled milk (D) may be fortified, but it is not one of the food items specified under this regulation.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Inability to drink. This indicates a danger sign that requires urgent referral to a hospital according to the IMCI assessment guide. Inability to drink can lead to dehydration and is a critical sign that the child may need immediate medical attention. High grade fever (B) is concerning but may not always require urgent hospital referral. Signs of severe dehydration (C) are serious but may not be as immediately life-threatening as the inability to drink. Cough for more than 30 days (D) is a chronic symptom and does not necessarily indicate an acute danger sign requiring urgent referral.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Get a specimen for blood smear. To determine malaria risk in an infant with fever, a blood smear is essential for diagnosing the presence of malaria parasites. This test directly visualizes the parasites in the blood, providing a definitive diagnosis. A: Doing a tourniquet test is used to assess for dengue fever, not malaria. B: Asking where the family resides may provide information on malaria endemic areas but does not confirm the diagnosis. D: Asking if the fever is present every day is not specific to malaria and does not provide a definitive diagnosis.