ATI RN
ATI Capstone Pharmacology Assessment 1 Questions
Question 1 of 5
Barium enema is a drug used for :
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Barium enema is a diagnostic imaging test used to examine the large intestine (colon and rectum). It involves the administration of a contrast material containing barium into the colon through the rectum, followed by X-rays to produce clear images of the colon's lining. This procedure helps in the diagnosis of various conditions such as colon polyps, diverticulosis, colorectal cancer, and inflammatory bowel disease. Therefore, barium enema is primarily used for diagnostic purposes, not for prevention, contraception, stimulation, or treatment of conditions.
Question 2 of 5
An injection of penicillin into a penicillin-sensitized person may lead to death due to:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A Shwartzman's reaction is a severe inflammatory response that occurs when a person who has previously been sensitized to penicillin is re-exposed to the drug. This exaggerated response can lead to widespread activation of inflammatory mediators and is characterized by endotoxin-induced intravascular coagulation. This can result in a cascade of events leading to tissue damage, organ failure, and potentially death. It is different from a typical allergic reaction mediated by histamine release or constriction of bronchioli and drop in blood pressure. Additionally, the release of enzymes from polymorphonuclear leukocytes is not directly related to the fatal outcome of a penicillin injection in a sensitized individual.
Question 3 of 5
A patient is experiencing mucositis (stomatitis) after receiving chemotherapy. Which symptomatic treatments will be appropriate? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Mucositis, or stomatitis, is a painful inflammation of the mucous membranes caused by chemotherapy. Frequent mouth rinses with saline or baking soda solutions help keep the mouth clean and promote healing. Topical anesthetics, such as lidocaine, can provide pain relief. Stress reduction techniques, such as relaxation or mindfulness, may help manage the discomfort associated with mucositis. Antiemetics are used to control nausea and vomiting, which are not directly related to mucositis. Antibiotics are only necessary if there is a secondary infection, which is not mentioned in this scenario.
Question 4 of 5
Which drug concentration is appropriate to administer in an order for epinephrine 0.3 mg IM to treat a severe allergic reaction in an adult patient?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The appropriate concentration for epinephrine 0.3 mg IM in an adult for a severe allergic reaction is 1:1000. This concentration is used for intramuscular administration, while 1:10,000 (A) is used for intravenous administration in cardiac arrest. Concentrations of 1:100 (C) and 1:10 (D) are not standard for this purpose.
Question 5 of 5
For the patient taking acetaminophen, what should the nurse do? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Acetaminophen is metabolized in the liver, and excessive doses can lead to hepatotoxicity. Routine monitoring of liver enzymes is essential to detect early signs of liver damage. Patients should also be educated to check the acetaminophen content in over-the-counter medications to avoid accidental overdose. Reporting side effects promptly is crucial, as acetaminophen toxicity can cause severe and potentially fatal liver damage. While oral contraceptives can affect drug metabolism, they do not significantly increase the effects of acetaminophen. Therefore, the correct actions are to monitor liver enzymes, educate about over-the-counter medications, and report side effects.