ATI RN
Pharmacology Test Bank Questions
Question 1 of 5
Bactericidal action are elicited by the following, except:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Nystatin is an antifungal medication used to treat fungal infections caused by yeast. It works by binding to ergosterol, a component of fungal cell membranes, causing them to become porous and leaky, ultimately leading to the death of the fungus. Nystatin does not have bactericidal action because it specifically targets fungal cells and is not effective against bacteria.
Question 2 of 5
A busy patient with many responsibilities is to have a medication ordered to treat her hypertension. To increase compliance with drug therapy, what drug would be a good choice for this patient?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Metoprolol would be the best choice because it has an extended-release form that only needs to be taken once a day, which should increase patient compliance. Acebutolol, atenolol, and bisoprolol do not come in extended-release forms. The nurse should consider the patient’s lifestyle and preferences when selecting antihypertensive medications to improve adherence.
Question 3 of 5
A patient asks the nurse for information about fat-soluble vitamins. What is the nurse's best response?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer to the question is option C) Fat-soluble vitamins are excreted slowly in urine. Fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K) are stored in the body's fatty tissues and liver, which allows for a slower excretion rate compared to water-soluble vitamins. This slow excretion can lead to a higher risk of toxicity if fat-soluble vitamins are consumed in excess as they can build up in the body over time. Option A) Fat-soluble vitamins are not metabolized rapidly, as they are stored in the body for longer periods. Option B) Fat-soluble vitamins can be stored in the liver and fatty tissues, which is a characteristic feature of these vitamins. Option D) Fat-soluble vitamins can indeed be toxic if consumed in excessive amounts due to their ability to accumulate in the body. Educationally, understanding the differences between fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins is crucial for healthcare professionals to provide accurate information to patients about dietary requirements, supplementation, and potential risks associated with vitamin intake. It is essential for nurses to be able to explain the characteristics of fat-soluble vitamins to patients to promote safe and effective vitamin consumption.
Question 4 of 5
The most common dose-limiting toxicity of chemotherapy is:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Myelosuppression, the suppression of bone marrow activity, is the most common dose-limiting toxicity of chemotherapy. It leads to reduced production of blood cells, including white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets, increasing the risk of infections, anemia, and bleeding. While nausea, vomiting, and mucositis are significant side effects, they can often be managed with supportive care. Myelosuppression, however, can be life-threatening and frequently requires dose adjustments or delays in treatment. Bloody stools are less common and typically not the primary dose-limiting factor.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following is the priority nursing diagnosis for a client undergoing chemotherapy?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Altered nutrition is often the priority nursing diagnosis for clients undergoing chemotherapy because the treatment can cause side effects such as nausea, vomiting, anorexia, and mucositis, leading to malnutrition and weight loss. Proper nutrition is essential for maintaining strength, supporting the immune system, and promoting recovery. While fear, anxiety, and decreased cardiac output are valid concerns, addressing nutritional deficits is critical to the client's overall well-being and ability to tolerate treatment.