Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Bacterial meningitis alters intracranial physiology by causing cerebral edema, raised intracranial pressure, and increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier. Cerebral edema is the accumulation of fluid in the brain tissue, leading to increased pressure. Raised intracranial pressure occurs due to the inflammation and swelling caused by the infection. Increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier allows substances to pass through that would normally be blocked, contributing to the inflammatory response. Therefore, all of these changes are interconnected and commonly observed in bacterial meningitis cases. Choices A, B, and C individually describe specific alterations seen in bacterial meningitis but do not encompass the full spectrum of changes that occur, making them incorrect options.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Observe the patient for bleeding. Before a bone marrow biopsy, it is crucial to monitor the patient for bleeding tendencies as the procedure can cause bleeding. This step ensures early detection and prompt intervention if bleeding occurs. Explanation for other choices: A: Explaining the procedure to the family is important for informed consent but not the most crucial before the procedure. C: Administering an analgesic may be necessary for pain management but monitoring for bleeding takes precedence. D: Draping the biopsy site is important for maintaining a sterile field but does not directly impact patient safety like monitoring for bleeding.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because shampooing the hair thoroughly helps remove oil and dirt, which can interfere with the CT scan results. By having clean hair, the scan can produce clearer images. Choice B is incorrect because some preparation is needed for a CT scan, especially regarding cleanliness. Choice C is incorrect as giving a cleansing enema and fluids until 8 AM is not necessary for a CT scan of the head. Choice D is incorrect as shaving the scalp and attaching electrodes are not part of routine preparation for a CT scan.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because stating feeling better after talking with family and friends demonstrates the use of healthy coping skills. This behavior indicates the patient is seeking and utilizing social support, which is crucial for managing stress and emotions effectively in diabetes management. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because consuming high-carbohydrate foods when stressed can lead to poor blood sugar control, disliking support group meetings indicates avoidance of beneficial support resources, and spending most of the day in bed can contribute to physical and emotional deterioration, rather than effective coping.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Pinkeye. Acute bacterial conjunctivitis is commonly referred to as "pinkeye" due to the characteristic pink or red appearance of the eye. This condition is caused by a bacterial infection of the conjunctiva, the thin membrane that covers the white part of the eye and inner eyelids. The term "glaucoma" (A) refers to a different eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure, while "color blindness" (B) is a genetic condition affecting color vision. "Astigmatism" (C) is a refractive error related to the shape of the cornea or lens, not an infection of the eye. Therefore, the correct answer is D as it accurately identifies the common name for acute bacterial conjunctivitis.