Baby Melody is a neonate who has a very low-birth-weight. Nurse Josie carefully monitors inspiratory pressure and oxygen (O ) concentration to prevent which of the following?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: A neonate with very low birth weight is at risk of developing respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), which is a common breathing disorder in premature infants. RDS occurs due to a lack of a substance in the lungs called surfactant, which helps keep the air sacs open and prevents them from collapsing. In neonates with very low birth weight, the lungs may not have produced enough surfactant, leading to breathing difficulties and respiratory distress.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The most common congenital heart disease is Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD). VSD is a heart condition present at birth where there is a hole in the wall (septum) separating the lower chambers of the heart (ventricles). This hole allows oxygen-rich blood from the left ventricle to mix with oxygen-poor blood in the right ventricle, leading to increased pulmonary blood flow and potentially causing complications such as pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular hypertrophy. VSD can be classified as an acyanotic heart defect with a left to right shunt. Treatment options for VSD include monitoring, medications, and in some cases, surgical intervention.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The goal of therapy for scoliosis is to limit or stop the progression of the curvature. This can involve a combination of treatments such as bracing, physical therapy, and sometimes surgery. By addressing the curvature early and implementing appropriate interventions, healthcare providers aim to prevent further worsening of the spinal deformity and improve the long-term outcomes for the child. Minimizing the progression of scoliosis is crucial to prevent complications such as back pain, breathing difficulties, and cosmetic concerns. Therefore, educating the family on the importance of therapy in limiting or stopping the curvature progression is a key aspect of managing scoliosis in children.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Communicating hydrocephalus is a type of hydrocephalus where there is no obstruction to the passage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), but rather a malfunction or malformation of the arachnoid villi, which are responsible for the reabsorption of CSF. In communicating hydrocephalus, the flow of CSF within the ventricular system is disrupted, leading to an accumulation of fluid and resulting in increased intracranial pressure.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In an infant with complete transposition of the great vessels, the survival at birth depends on the presence of a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) to allow mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood. In this condition, the aorta arises from the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery arises from the left ventricle, leading to separate circulatory pathways for oxygenated and deoxygenated blood. The survival of the infant is dependent on the remaining fetal shunts, such as a PDA, to maintain an adequate mixing of blood until corrective surgery can be performed. Therefore, the presence of a PDA is essential for the survival of an infant with complete transposition of the great vessels at birth.