ATI RN
Maternity and Pediatric Nursing 4th Edition Test Bank Questions
Question 1 of 5
Baby Melody is a neonate who has a very low-birth-weight. Nurse Josie carefully monitors inspiratory pressure and oxygen (O ) concentration to prevent which of the following?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A neonate with very low birth weight is at risk of developing respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), which is a common breathing disorder in premature infants. RDS occurs due to a lack of a substance in the lungs called surfactant, which helps keep the air sacs open and prevents them from collapsing. In neonates with very low birth weight, the lungs may not have produced enough surfactant, leading to breathing difficulties and respiratory distress.
Question 2 of 5
A client asks nurse Carlos the rationale for giving multi-drug treatment for tuberculosis. Which is an appropriate response?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Giving multiple drugs for the treatment of tuberculosis is essential because it helps reduce the development of resistant strains of the bacteria. Tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which has the potential to develop resistance to single drug therapy through genetic mutations. The use of multiple drugs in combination therapy prevents the bacteria from developing resistance since they work through different mechanisms of action, making it harder for the bacteria to adapt and survive. This approach is known as Directly Observed Treatment, Short-course (DOTS), and it is an effective strategy recommended by the World Health Organization to combat the rising issue of drug-resistant tuberculosis.
Question 3 of 5
A febrile patient's fluid output is in excess of normal because of diaphoresis. The nurse should plan fluid replacement based on the knowledge that insensible losses in an afebrile person are normally not greater than:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Insensible losses are the fluid losses that occur without the individual being aware of it, such as through breathing, sweating, and through the skin. In an afebrile person, insensible losses are normally around 600ml per 24 hours. This amount can vary depending on factors such as temperature, humidity, and individual metabolism. When a patient is febrile and experiencing diaphoresis (excessive sweating), the fluid output can increase significantly due to the body's attempts to cool itself down. It is important for the nurse to consider these increased fluid losses when planning fluid replacement for a febrile patient to prevent dehydration.
Question 4 of 5
The child who can hop on one foot, copies circles, and brushes teeth without help has achieved the developmental age of
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: These skills are typically developed by age 3.
Question 5 of 5
A patient has end-stage dilated cardiomyopathy. He comes to the emergency department with dyspnea. He says he went to bed and awoke with a feeling of suffocation. He says it was frightening. Which of the ff. responses by the nurse is most appropriate?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The most appropriate response by the nurse is option C, "Reclining increases fluid returning to the heart, which builds up fluid in the lungs." In a patient with end-stage dilated cardiomyopathy, reclining position can lead to increased fluid return to the heart due to the failing pump function. This can result in fluid backing up in the lungs, causing symptoms such as dyspnea or feeling of suffocation. By explaining this mechanism to the patient, the nurse can provide valuable information about the condition and the reason for the distressing symptoms experienced by the patient. It also highlights the importance of proper positioning to alleviate symptoms and improve the patient's comfort.