Baby John develops hyperbilirubinemia. What is a method used to treat hyperbilirubinemia in a newborn?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the context of pharmacology and neonatal care, the correct answer to the question regarding the treatment of hyperbilirubinemia in a newborn is option A) Keeping infants in a warm and dark environment. This method is known as phototherapy, which involves exposing the baby to a specific type of light that helps break down the excess bilirubin in the blood, thus alleviating jaundice. Option B) Administration of cardiovascular stimulant is incorrect because hyperbilirubinemia is not treated with cardiovascular stimulants. This option is unrelated to the treatment of elevated bilirubin levels in newborns. Option C) Gentle exercise to stop muscle breakdown is also incorrect. This option does not address the underlying cause of hyperbilirubinemia, which is the accumulation of bilirubin in the blood due to liver immaturity or other factors. Option D) Early feeding to speed passage of meconium is incorrect as well. While early feeding is important for newborns, it is not a treatment for hyperbilirubinemia. Meconium passage is related to the baby's bowel movements and not directly linked to bilirubin levels in the blood. Educationally, understanding the rationale behind the treatment of hyperbilirubinemia in newborns is crucial for healthcare providers working in neonatal care. By grasping the importance of phototherapy in managing jaundice, professionals can effectively intervene and ensure the well-being of infants with this condition. This knowledge enhances patient care and promotes better outcomes for newborns experiencing hyperbilirubinemia.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) Records Management Archives Office (RMAO) because this agency is responsible for overseeing the proper management, storage, and disposal of medical records in government hospitals/institutions to ensure patient confidentiality, data security, and compliance with legal requirements such as the Data Privacy Act of 2012. Option A) Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG) is primarily concerned with local governance and public order, not specifically related to the management of medical records. Option B) Metro Manila Development Authority (MMDA) focuses on urban planning, transportation, and disaster management in Metro Manila, which is unrelated to medical records disposal. Option D) Department of Health (DOH) is responsible for health policy-making, regulation, and promotion of health services but does not directly manage the disposal of medical records in government hospitals/institutions. Educationally, understanding the correct agency for the disposal of medical records is crucial for healthcare professionals to comply with legal and ethical standards, safeguard patient information, and ensure proper data management practices in healthcare settings. Healthcare professionals must be aware of the roles of different government agencies in managing medical records to uphold patient confidentiality and privacy rights.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of a surgery, the correct answer is B) Nurse Supervisor. The Nurse Supervisor is responsible for coordinating activities outside the operating room, including communicating with the family. This role ensures that the family is updated on the progress of the surgery and provides support and information as needed. Option A) Orderly/clerk is not the correct answer as their role is mainly focused on logistical and administrative tasks within the healthcare facility, not specifically coordinating activities outside the operating room. Option C) Circulating Nurse is directly involved in the surgery, responsible for managing the sterile field and passing instruments. Their primary focus is within the operating room, not coordinating activities outside with the family. Option D) Anesthesiologist is a crucial member of the surgical team responsible for administering anesthesia and monitoring the patient's vital signs during surgery. Their role is within the operating room and does not involve coordinating activities with the family outside. Understanding the roles and responsibilities of different healthcare professionals during a surgical procedure is essential for effective coordination and communication within a healthcare team, ensuring optimal patient care and support for their families.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of stoma care, it is crucial to understand the rationale behind each option to provide appropriate skin care. Option A advises applying mineral oil to the area. Mineral oil can act as a protective barrier, preventing irritation and promoting skin integrity. This can be particularly helpful in minimizing fecal enzymes' effects on the skin. Option B suggests using karaya paste and rings around the stoma. However, karaya products are typically used to fill uneven skin surfaces, secure appliances, or manage leakage. They are not typically used as skin barriers. Option C recommends cleaning the area daily with soap and water before applying the bag. This practice is essential to maintain good skin hygiene, prevent infections, and ensure proper adhesion of the ostomy appliance. Option D proposes applying talcum powder twice a day. Talcum powder can help absorb moisture and reduce friction, which may help prevent skin breakdown and irritation around the stoma. Therefore, the correct answer is B because karaya paste and rings are not typically indicated as skin care barriers in stoma care. Understanding the roles of different products in stoma care is crucial for providing effective care and preventing complications, making this knowledge essential for nurses and healthcare professionals involved in ostomy care.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of a hemorrhoidectomy, the correct postoperative position for the client is the Genopectoral position (Option D). This position involves the client lying prone with hips flexed and knees off the table, which helps to relieve pressure on the surgical site and reduce discomfort. Placing the client in the Genopectoral position also helps promote healing and prevent complications such as excessive swelling or bleeding. The other options are incorrect for postoperative care after a hemorrhoidectomy: A) Knee chest position: This position is not typically used postoperatively for a hemorrhoidectomy as it may increase pressure on the surgical site and cause discomfort. B) Side lying position: While side lying position may be comfortable in general, it may not be optimal for postoperative care after a hemorrhoidectomy as it may not provide adequate support or relief to the surgical area. C) Sims position: Similar to the side lying position, the Sims position may not provide the necessary support and relief needed postoperatively for a hemorrhoidectomy. Educationally, understanding the rationale behind positioning postoperatively is crucial for nursing students. It is essential to know how different positions can impact a client's comfort, healing process, and prevention of complications after specific surgical procedures like a hemorrhoidectomy. This knowledge ensures optimal patient care and promotes better outcomes.