ATI RN
Multiple Choice Questions on Endocrine System Questions
Question 1 of 5
Atropine has the following pharmacological effects EXCEPT:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Atropine does not produce bronchoconstriction. Atropine is an anticholinergic drug that blocks the action of acetylcholine, leading to increased heart rate (A), stimulation of the respiratory center (B), and mydriatic effect (C). Bronchoconstriction is not a pharmacological effect of atropine because it actually helps dilate the bronchi, making it a useful treatment in cases of bronchospasm.
Question 2 of 5
A drug useful in the treatment of acute attack of migraine is:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Sumatriptan is the correct answer for treating acute migraine attacks as it is a specific serotonin receptor agonist that helps constrict blood vessels in the brain. Ergometrine and dihydroergometrine are ergot alkaloids used for other conditions, not migraine. Propranolol is a beta-blocker used for migraine prevention, not acute attacks.
Question 3 of 5
Terbutaline specifically stimulates:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Terbutaline specifically stimulates Beta2 receptors. This leads to bronchodilation by relaxing smooth muscles in the airways. Beta2 receptors are predominantly found in the lungs. Option A and B are incorrect as terbutaline does not target Alpha receptors. Option C is incorrect as terbutaline does not primarily stimulate Beta1 receptors, which are mainly found in the heart.
Question 4 of 5
Which one of the following is a cardio selective β1-blocker:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Metoprolol. Metoprolol is a cardioselective beta-1 blocker, meaning it primarily blocks beta-1 receptors in the heart, leading to a decrease in heart rate and contractility. This selectivity reduces the risk of bronchoconstriction compared to non-selective beta blockers like Timolol (Choice A), Nadolol (Choice C), and Sotalol (Choice D), which can also block beta-2 receptors in the lungs, potentially causing respiratory issues in patients with asthma or COPD. Therefore, Metoprolol is the best choice for patients with cardiovascular conditions who also have respiratory concerns.
Question 5 of 5
Albuterol causes selective activation of β2 adrenergic receptors when administered in 'low doses,' mainly by inhalation. If very large doses of albuterol were given, or if the drug is administered intravenously, the effects caused by albuterol would look quite different and would resemble those of which one of the following drugs?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step 1: Albuterol selectively activates β2 adrenergic receptors in low doses. Step 2: Isoprenaline is a non-selective beta-adrenergic agonist. Step 3: Very large doses of albuterol or IV administration would lead to non-selective activation of beta receptors. Step 4: Isoprenaline also activates both β1 and β2 receptors, causing a broad range of effects. Step 5: Therefore, the effects of high-dose albuterol would resemble those of Isoprenaline, making B the correct answer. Summary: Choice A (Epinephrine) is incorrect because epinephrine primarily acts on both α and β adrenergic receptors, not just β2. Choice C (Norepinephrine) is incorrect as it mainly acts on α adrenergic receptors, not β. Choice D (Phenylephrine) is incorrect because it is a