ATI RN
Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Questions
Question 1 of 5
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) functions to:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Certainly! The correct answer is B: Promote sodium and water excretion. Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is released by the heart in response to high blood pressure or volume overload. ANP acts to dilate blood vessels, increase glomerular filtration rate, and promote sodium and water excretion by the kidneys. This results in a decrease in blood volume and blood pressure. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because ANP does not have the function of increasing blood pressure, retaining sodium and water, or increasing thirst.
Question 2 of 5
A patient with a serum magnesium level of 1.1 mg/dL is at risk for which complication?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale: Low serum magnesium levels can lead to cardiac arrhythmias due to its role in regulating heart muscle function. Magnesium deficiency can disrupt electrical conduction in the heart, potentially causing arrhythmias. Hypokalemia (Choice B), hypercalcemia (Choice C), and hypertension (Choice D) are not directly associated with low magnesium levels. Potassium and calcium imbalances have different physiological implications, while hypertension is more commonly linked to sodium levels. Therefore, the correct answer is A: Cardiac arrhythmias.
Question 3 of 5
A patient with a serum calcium level of 7.8 mg/dL presents with tingling around the mouth and muscle twitching. What is the likely electrolyte imbalance?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Hypocalcemia. A serum calcium level of 7.8 mg/dL indicates low calcium levels. Symptoms of tingling around the mouth and muscle twitching are classic signs of hypocalcemia due to its effect on nerve and muscle function. In hypocalcemia, there is increased nerve excitability leading to these symptoms. Hypercalcemia (choice A) would present with symptoms like fatigue and confusion. Hyperkalemia (choice C) and hypokalemia (choice D) involve potassium levels, not calcium, and would present with different symptoms such as cardiac arrhythmias and muscle weakness, respectively.
Question 4 of 5
A patient with liver cirrhosis is receiving diuretic therapy. The nurse observes confusion, irritability, and muscle twitching. The serum sodium level is 118 mEq/L. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Hyponatremia. In liver cirrhosis, impaired liver function can lead to decreased production of plasma proteins, causing fluid to shift into the interstitial spaces and diluting the sodium concentration in the blood. This results in hyponatremia, which can present with confusion, irritability, and muscle twitching. A: Hypernatremia is incorrect as the patient's serum sodium level is low. B: Hypocalcemia is incorrect as the symptoms are more indicative of hyponatremia. D: Hyperkalemia is incorrect as the patient's symptoms are not consistent with high potassium levels.
Question 5 of 5
The patient taking furosemide (Lasix) to correct excess edema shows a weight loss of 5.5 pounds in 24 h. The nurse calculates that this weight loss is equivalent to how many liters (L) of fluid given that each kilogram of weight loss is equivalent to 1 L of fluid?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: To calculate the amount of fluid loss in liters, we need to convert the weight loss from pounds to kilograms (1 kg = 2.2 lbs). 5.5 lbs ÷ 2.2 = 2.5 kg. Since each kilogram of weight loss is equivalent to 1 L of fluid, the patient lost 2.5 L of fluid in 24 hours. Therefore, the correct answer is D: 2.5 L. Choice A (1 L) is incorrect because the patient lost 2.5 kg, not just 1 kg. Choice B (1.5 L) is incorrect because the patient lost 2.5 kg, not 1.5 kg. Choice C (2.0 L) is incorrect because the patient lost 2.5 kg, not 2 kg.