At which age should the nurse expect most infants to begin to say mama and dada with meaning?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the context of child development, understanding when infants typically begin to say "mama" and "dada" with meaning is crucial for nurses caring for children. The correct answer is C) 10 months. At around 10 months of age, most infants start to associate these words with their parents or caregivers, showing early language development and attachment. Option A) 4 months is too early for most infants to say "mama" and "dada" with meaning. Infants at this age are typically still developing their communication skills and may not have associated these words with specific individuals yet. Option B) 6 months is also early for meaningful use of "mama" and "dada." While infants may start babbling and making sounds around this age, it is less likely that they have attached these words to their parents. Option D) 14 months is too late for most infants to start saying "mama" and "dada" with meaning. By this age, most infants would have already developed some basic language skills and would be expected to use these familiar words more purposefully. Understanding typical developmental milestones like language acquisition in infants is essential for nurses working with children. It helps them assess a child's progress, provide appropriate interventions if needed, and offer support and guidance to parents regarding their child's development.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) I can use a music box and soft mobiles as appropriate play activities for my baby. At 2 months old, infants are in the sensory-motor stage of development, where they are exploring the world through their senses. Soft mobiles and music boxes provide visual and auditory stimulation, encouraging the baby's cognitive development and sensory exploration. Option A is incorrect because giving a 2-month-old baby a ball of yarn or textured fabrics can pose a choking hazard as infants at this age tend to explore objects by putting them in their mouths. Option C is incorrect as introducing a cup and spoon or push-pull toys is more suitable for older infants who are starting to develop more fine motor skills. Option D is incorrect because appropriate play activities are crucial even from a young age as they contribute to the infant's cognitive, sensory, and motor development. Educating parents on age-appropriate play activities fosters bonding, stimulates development, and enhances the child's overall well-being.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is A) Playing peek-a-boo. At 7 months old, infants are in the stage of cognitive development where they are exploring object permanence. Playing peek-a-boo helps reinforce this concept as the infant learns that even though they cannot see an object (or person) momentarily, it still exists. This activity also encourages visual tracking, enhances social interaction, and stimulates the infant's curiosity and memory. Option B) Playing pat-a-cake involves more motor skills than visual stimulation. While it is a fun activity for infants, it does not specifically target visual development. Option C) Imitating animal sounds focuses more on auditory stimulation rather than visual stimulation. While it can be entertaining for the infant, it does not directly address visual development. Option D) Showing how to clap hands is more related to motor skill development rather than visual stimulation. While clapping involves hand-eye coordination, it is not as effective in promoting visual tracking and object permanence as playing peek-a-boo. By understanding the developmental stage of the infant and the specific benefits of each play activity, healthcare providers can offer appropriate guidance to parents on engaging their child in activities that support their overall growth and development.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) Give large push-pull toys for kinetic stimulation. At 12 months, infants are in the early stages of developing gross motor skills, including crawling and walking. Large push-pull toys help promote these skills by encouraging the child to move around and explore their environment actively. These toys also aid in developing coordination and strength in the arms and legs. Option B) Place a cradle gym across the crib to help develop fine motor skills is incorrect because cradle gyms are more suitable for newborns as they focus on visual and reaching skills, not appropriate for a 12-month-old who is more advanced in their motor development. Option C) Providing the child with finger paints to enhance fine motor skills is not appropriate for a 12-month-old due to safety concerns related to ingestion of paint and the child's limited ability to engage in purposeful painting activities at this age. Option D) Providing a stick horse to develop gross motor coordination is not suitable for a 12-month-old as this activity requires more advanced motor skills and balance control which a child of this age has not yet developed. In an educational context, understanding age-appropriate play activities is crucial for promoting optimal development in children. By providing parents with accurate information on suitable toys and activities, we can support children in reaching their developmental milestones and fostering a nurturing environment for growth and learning.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct response, "B) Babies need comforting and cuddling. Meeting these needs will not spoil him," is grounded in infant development and attachment theory. It is crucial for parents to respond to their infant's cues promptly to foster a secure attachment, which is essential for the child's emotional well-being and development. Comforting a crying baby helps them feel safe, secure, and loved, laying the foundation for healthy emotional regulation in the future. Option A is incorrect because leaving a baby to cry for a set time can lead to increased distress and does not address the infant's needs. Option C is incorrect as it assumes crying is solely related to hunger, overlooking other reasons for crying such as discomfort or a need for comfort. Option D is incorrect and goes against responsive parenting practices that prioritize meeting an infant's emotional needs promptly. In an educational context, it is important for nurses to educate parents on responsive caregiving and the importance of meeting their infant's needs for comfort and security. By providing this information, nurses can empower parents to build a strong bond with their child based on trust and responsiveness, ultimately promoting healthy development.