At which age does an infant start to recognize familiar faces and objects, such as his or her own hand?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) 3 months. At around 3 months of age, infants begin to show signs of recognizing familiar faces and objects, such as their own hand. This is a crucial developmental milestone as it indicates the infant's growing ability to distinguish between different stimuli in their environment and form attachments with primary caregivers. Option A) 1 month is too early for infants to demonstrate recognition of familiar faces and objects. At 1 month, infants are still in the early stages of visual development and are primarily focused on basic reflexes and sensory exploration. Option B) 2 months is also too early for infants to exhibit recognition of familiar faces and objects. While infants may start to show preferences for certain stimuli at this age, true recognition typically emerges around 3 months. Option D) 4 months is past the typical age for when infants begin to recognize familiar faces and objects. By 4 months, infants should already be displaying signs of recognition and familiarity with people and objects in their environment. Understanding infant developmental milestones is essential for pediatric nurses as it helps them assess and support the growth and well-being of infants under their care. Recognizing when infants should start to demonstrate certain behaviors can guide nurses in providing appropriate developmental support and interventions when needed.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is D) Able to grasp object voluntarily. At 5 months of age, infants typically develop the ability to voluntarily grasp objects. This milestone is part of their fine motor skill development, marking their progress in hand-eye coordination and muscle control. Infants at this age may use a raking grasp to pick up small objects and start exploring their environment through touch and manipulation. Option A) Neat pincer grasp is more characteristic of an infant around 9-12 months of age when they have developed the ability to pick up small objects using their thumb and forefinger. Option B) Strong grasp reflex refers to the automatic closing of the infant's hand around an object when it comes into contact with their palm, which typically diminishes around 3-4 months of age. Option C) Builds a tower of two cubes involves more advanced fine motor skills and is typically seen in toddlers around 18-24 months of age, as it requires coordination, spatial awareness, and hand strength that infants at 5 months do not possess. Understanding the progression of fine motor skills in infants is crucial for nurses caring for children as it allows them to assess developmental milestones accurately and provide appropriate interventions or referrals if delays are observed. Educating caregivers about these milestones also empowers them to support their child's development effectively.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In terms of gross motor development, at 5 months of age, the nurse should expect an infant to turn from the abdomen to the back. This milestone typically occurs around this age as part of the developmental progression. Infants at this stage are developing strength in their neck and core muscles, allowing them to achieve this movement. Option A, sitting erect without support, is not developmentally appropriate for a 5-month-old infant. This milestone is typically achieved around 6-7 months of age. Option B, rolling from back to abdomen, is an earlier milestone usually seen around 4-5 months, making it less likely for a 5-month-old to still be mastering this skill exclusively. Option D, moving from prone to sitting, is a more advanced milestone expected around 8-9 months, so it would be too early for a 5-month-old to accomplish this action. Understanding these developmental milestones is crucial for nurses working with infants to provide appropriate care and support. By recognizing where a child is in their gross motor development, nurses can offer interventions and guidance to promote healthy growth and development.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) 8 months. At around 8 months of age, most infants have developed enough strength and coordination to sit steadily unsupported. This milestone is an important indicator of their gross motor development. Option A) 4 months is too early for most infants to sit steadily unsupported. At 4 months, infants are usually still developing their head control and are not yet able to sit independently. Option B) 6 months is a common milestone for infants to start sitting with support or propped up, but they are not typically able to sit steadily without any assistance at this age. Option D) 12 months is too late for most infants to achieve steady unsupported sitting. By 12 months, infants should typically be able to sit steadily and independently. Understanding the age at which infants can sit steadily unsupported is crucial for pediatric nurses as it helps them assess a child's developmental progress and identify any potential delays or issues that may need further evaluation or intervention. This knowledge enables nurses to provide appropriate care and support to promote optimal growth and development in children.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the context of infant development, the correct answer is C) 11 to 12 months. This is the age range at which infants typically develop the strength and coordination required to pull themselves to a standing position. At around 11 to 12 months, infants have usually developed sufficient muscle control and balance to achieve this milestone. Option A) 5 to 6 months is too early for most infants to pull to a standing position. At this age, infants are typically mastering skills such as rolling over and grasping objects. Option B) 7 to 8 months is also too early for pulling to a standing position. Infants at this age are usually working on sitting up independently and crawling. Option D) 14 to 15 months is too late for this milestone. By this age, most infants are already walking or close to walking independently. Understanding these developmental milestones is crucial for pediatric nurses to assess the growth and development of infants accurately. It helps nurses provide appropriate support and interventions for infants who may be experiencing delays or difficulties in reaching these milestones.