At the time of birth, what is the grayish white, cheeselike substance that normally covers the newborn's skin called?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Vernix caseosa is the grayish white, cheeselike substance that normally covers a newborn's skin at the time of birth. It is a natural substance produced by the baby's skin glands while in the womb. Vernix caseosa helps protect the baby's delicate skin from the amniotic fluid in the uterus and acts as a moisturizer as well. It also has antimicrobial properties, providing a barrier against infection. After birth, healthcare providers typically wipe off or gently wash the vernix from the baby's skin during the first bath.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The most common symptom of pediculosis capitis, also known as head lice infestation, is itching of the scalp. Head lice feed on blood from the scalp, leading to irritation and allergic reactions, causing itching. Itching is often more prominent behind the ears and at the nape of the neck where head lice tend to lay their eggs (nits). While secondary symptoms such as scalp rash, vesicles, and localized inflammatory responses can occur due to scratching or allergic reactions, itching is typically the initial and predominant symptom of head lice infestation.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In pediatric practice, administering routine immunizations is a crucial aspect of preventive healthcare. For a 4-month-old infant who is up to date on previous immunizations, the nurse should prepare to administer the Rotavirus (RV) vaccine. This is the correct answer because the RV vaccine is recommended to be given at 2, 4, and 6 months of age to protect infants against severe diarrhea and dehydration caused by rotavirus infection. The other options are incorrect for the following reasons: A) Measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR): This vaccine is typically given between 12-15 months of age and a second dose at 4-6 years. Administering MMR at 4 months would not be in line with the recommended schedule. C) Diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis (DTaP): While this vaccine is important, the schedule for DTaP doses starts at 2 months, with subsequent doses at 4 and 6 months. Therefore, giving DTaP at 4 months alone would not be appropriate. D) Varicella: The varicella vaccine is typically given between 12-15 months and a second dose at 4-6 years. Administering varicella vaccine at 4 months would not align with the recommended schedule. Educationally, it is important to understand the timing and rationale behind each vaccine administration to ensure optimal protection for infants and children. Following the recommended immunization schedule is vital to provide immunity at the most effective times and protect against vaccine-preventable diseases.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: This is an appropriate question to ask the parents because determining the time the infant was found is important for investigating the circumstances surrounding the sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) event. Understanding the timeline can help healthcare providers gather valuable information to determine the cause of death and evaluate any potential contributing factors. This question also allows the healthcare team to better understand the sequence of events leading up to the tragic outcome and offer support to the grieving parents. Asking about the time the infant was found is non-accusatory and focuses on gathering relevant details for the medical evaluation.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The term "preterm" refers to a newborn born before completion of week 37 of gestation, regardless of birth weight. Preterm birth can lead to various health issues for the newborn, as they may not have fully developed before being born. It is important for healthcare providers to closely monitor preterm infants to ensure they receive the proper care and support for their development.