ATI RN
Respiratory System Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
At high altitude, the number of RBC increases
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step 1: High altitude has lower oxygen levels, causing oxygen deficiency. Step 2: The body adapts to this by increasing the number of red blood cells (RBC). Step 3: More RBCs enhance oxygen-carrying capacity, aiding in oxygen delivery. Step 4: Choice B is correct as it accurately describes the physiological response to high altitude. Summary: A: Incorrect. RBCs increase to enhance oxygen uptake, not trap oxygen. C: Incorrect. RBCs do not increase to remove more CO2 at high altitudes. D: Incorrect. RBC increase is primarily to compensate for oxygen deficiency, not to increase metabolism.
Question 2 of 5
A patient is being treated for a pulmonary embolism and the medical nurse is aware that the patient suffered an acute disturbance in pulmonary perfusion. This involved an alteration in what aspect of normal physiology?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Adequate flow of blood through the pulmonary circulation. In a pulmonary embolism, there is a blockage in the pulmonary artery, leading to decreased blood flow to the lungs. This disrupts normal pulmonary perfusion, affecting the oxygenation of blood. The other choices are incorrect because A refers to alveolar function, B relates to respiratory muscle function, and C involves acid-base balance in the blood vessels, none of which directly address the alteration in blood flow seen in a pulmonary embolism.
Question 3 of 5
Activated c3b to the cell wall of an infected cell or pathogen is the end-result of which of the following pathway(s)?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because all three pathways (classical, lectin, and alternative) converge at the point of C3 activation, leading to the formation of C3b that binds to the cell wall of an infected cell or pathogen. In the classical pathway, C3 is activated by C4b2a complex; in the lectin pathway, it is activated by mannose-binding lectin-associated serine proteases; and in the alternative pathway, it is activated by spontaneous hydrolysis of C3. Therefore, the end result of all three pathways is the activation of C3 and subsequent binding of C3b to the cell wall. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because each pathway alone does not lead to the activation of C3b and binding to the cell wall; it is the combined action of all three pathways that achieves this end result.
Question 4 of 5
Dalton's law states that
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Dalton's law states that in a mixture of gases such as air, the total pressure exerted by the mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of each individual gas in the mixture. This means that each gas in a mixture behaves independently of the others. Therefore, choice D is correct as it directly reflects Dalton's law. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they do not accurately describe Dalton's law and its principle of partial pressures in gas mixtures.
Question 5 of 5
Low pH alters hemoglobin structure so that oxygen binds less strongly to hemoglobin at low PO2. This increases the effectiveness of
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Low pH (acidic conditions) causes hemoglobin to release oxygen more readily, enhancing oxygen delivery to tissues during internal respiration. External respiration (A) involves gas exchange in the lungs, not affected by pH. Carbon dioxide transport (C) is influenced by pH, but not directly related to oxygen binding. Hemoglobin synthesis (D) is the production of hemoglobin molecules, not influenced by pH during oxygen binding. Therefore, the correct answer is B as low pH primarily affects oxygen release during internal respiration.