ATI RN
Pediatric Nursing Cardiovascular NCLEX Practice Quiz Questions
Question 1 of 5
At birth, tunica intima of arterial wall contains all of the following, except
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding the composition of the arterial wall at birth is crucial for providing safe and effective care to neonates. The correct answer, D) Smooth muscle cells, is not found in the tunica intima of the arterial wall at birth. This is because smooth muscle cells are located in the tunica media of the arterial wall, where they play a role in regulating vascular tone and blood flow. Option A) Type IV collagen is present in the tunica intima of the arterial wall and provides structural support and integrity to the blood vessel. Option B) Laminin is also found in the tunica intima and is involved in cell adhesion and signaling processes. Option C) Endothelial cells line the inner surface of the blood vessel and are crucial for maintaining vascular homeostasis by regulating blood flow, coagulation, and inflammation. Understanding the composition of the arterial wall at birth is essential for nurses caring for pediatric patients, as it can impact assessments, interventions, and overall patient outcomes. By knowing the correct components of the arterial wall, nurses can better monitor and manage cardiovascular health in neonates.
Question 2 of 5
A client is brought to the ED by ambulance in cardiac arrest with cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in progress. The client is intubated and is receiving 100% oxygen per self-inflating (ambu) bag. The nurse determines that the client is cyanotic, cold, and diaphoretic. Which assessment is most important for the nurse to obtain?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In this scenario, the most important assessment for the nurse to obtain is breath sounds over bilateral lung fields (Option A). This assessment is crucial because the client is intubated and receiving 100% oxygen, so ensuring adequate ventilation and oxygenation is essential for the client's survival. Cyanosis, coldness, and diaphoresis can indicate poor oxygenation, which makes assessing breath sounds a priority to evaluate the effectiveness of ventilation. Option B, carotid pulsation during compressions, is not as critical in this situation because the client is already in cardiac arrest, and the priority is to focus on providing effective CPR and oxygenation. Deep tendon reflexes (Option C) and core body temperature (Option D) are also lower in priority compared to ensuring proper ventilation and oxygenation in a client in cardiac arrest. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of prioritizing assessments in emergency situations, understanding the significance of different assessment findings, and recognizing the immediate needs of a critically ill pediatric patient. Nurses need to be prepared to quickly assess and intervene to provide optimal care in such high-stress environments.
Question 3 of 5
A cardiac catheterization of a client with heart disease indicates the following blockages: 95% proximal left anterior descending (LAD), 99% proximal circumflex, and ? % proximal right coronary artery (RCA). The client later asks the nurse 'what does all this mean for me?' What information should the nurse provide?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In this scenario, option C is the correct answer because it accurately conveys the significance of the blockages found during the cardiac catheterization. The statement that "Three main arteries have major blockages, with only 1 to 5% of blood flow getting through to the heart muscle" effectively communicates the severity of the situation to the client. This information is crucial for the client to understand the extent of the blockages and the potential implications for their heart health. Option A is incorrect because it only vaguely mentions lifestyle changes without providing specific details about the severity of the blockages. Option B is also incorrect as it focuses on past heart attacks rather than the current blockages identified. Option D is incorrect as it discusses the risk of heart failure and fluid retention without directly addressing the specific blockages identified in the client's case. Educationally, it's important for nurses to be able to clearly communicate complex medical information to patients in a way that is easy to understand yet conveys the seriousness of the situation. Understanding the implications of blockages in the coronary arteries is crucial for providing effective patient education and promoting patient engagement in their own healthcare management. By choosing option C, the nurse can empower the client to make informed decisions about their treatment and lifestyle modifications.
Question 4 of 5
While caring for a client with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), the nurse performs a neurological assessment every four hours. Which assessment finding warrants immediate intervention by the nurse?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In the context of caring for a client with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), the assessment finding that warrants immediate intervention by the nurse is option C) Weakened cough effort. This is because weakened cough effort in a client with ALS can lead to an increased risk of aspiration and respiratory complications due to compromised airway clearance. Option A) Inappropriate laughter may be a symptom of pseudobulbar affect, which can occur in ALS, but it is not immediately life-threatening and would not require urgent intervention. Option B) Increasing anxiety is a common emotional response in patients with chronic illnesses like ALS, but it does not require immediate intervention unless it is severe and impacting the patient's immediate safety. Option D) Asymmetrical weakness is a common symptom in ALS due to its progressive nature, but it does not warrant immediate intervention unless it is acutely worsening and affecting the patient's ability to breathe or maintain their airway. Educationally, it is essential for nurses to prioritize and recognize critical assessment findings in clients with ALS to prevent complications and provide timely interventions. Understanding the unique manifestations of ALS and their implications on the client's health is crucial for delivering safe and effective care in pediatric nursing practice.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is teaching a client with glomerulonephritis about self-care. Which dietary recommendations should the nurse encourage the client to follow?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In the context of pediatric nursing and cardiovascular health, the correct answer, option B, to encourage the client with glomerulonephritis to restrict protein intake by limiting meats and other high-protein foods is crucial due to the impaired kidney function associated with glomerulonephritis. Excessive protein can lead to increased waste products that the compromised kidneys may struggle to filter, worsening the condition. Option A, increasing intake of high-fiber foods, is not directly related to managing glomerulonephritis. While fiber is important for overall health, it is not a specific dietary recommendation for this condition. Option C, limiting oral fluid intake to 500 ml per day, is incorrect as fluid restriction is generally not recommended for clients with glomerulonephritis unless they have severe edema or are in end-stage renal failure. Fluid management is typically individualized based on the client's condition and kidney function. Option D, increasing intake of potassium-rich foods, such as bananas or cantaloupe, is not recommended for clients with glomerulonephritis, especially if they have hyperkalemia, a common complication in such cases. Excessive potassium intake can further burden the kidneys and lead to electrolyte imbalances. Educationally, understanding the rationale behind dietary recommendations for clients with glomerulonephritis is crucial for nurses caring for pediatric patients with this condition. By grasping the importance of protein restriction to alleviate the kidneys' workload, nurses can help manage and improve the client's health outcomes effectively.