At about what age does an infant start to recognize familiar faces and objects, such as a feeding bottle?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding infant development milestones is crucial for providing appropriate care and support. The correct answer to the question is C) 3 months. At around 3 months of age, infants typically start to recognize familiar faces and objects, such as a feeding bottle. At 1 month (option A), infants are still in the early stages of visual development and may not yet have the ability to consistently recognize specific objects or faces. At 2 months (option B), while infants start to show more interest in their surroundings, their ability to differentiate and recognize specific objects is still developing. By 4 months (option D), most infants have already started to establish familiarity with important objects and people in their environment, thus making option D less likely as the correct answer. Educationally, understanding these developmental milestones helps nurses and healthcare providers assess the growth and progress of infants, identify any potential developmental delays, and provide appropriate interventions or support as needed. It also enables caregivers to engage in activities that promote cognitive and social development in infants.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is B) amphetamine. The presentation of delirium, tachycardia, myoclonus, dilated pupils, seizures, and dysrhythmia is indicative of amphetamine toxicity. Amphetamines are central nervous system stimulants that can cause a spectrum of symptoms ranging from agitation to seizures and cardiac dysrhythmias. Antidepressant agents (option A) typically do not present with the constellation of symptoms described. Barbiturates (option C) usually cause respiratory depression and hypotension, rather than the tachycardia and myoclonus seen in this case. Benzodiazepines (option D) are more likely to cause sedation, respiratory depression, and hypotension rather than the symptoms described. In an educational context, understanding the signs and symptoms of common pediatric poisonings is crucial for nurses working with children. Recognizing the specific toxidrome associated with different substances helps in providing prompt and appropriate care. It is also essential for nurses to educate families about safe medication storage and the risks associated with various substances to prevent accidental ingestions in children.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) spermicides. Spermicides have the highest failure rate even with perfect use due to their lower effectiveness compared to other contraceptive methods. Spermicides alone have a failure rate of around 28% with typical use and 18% with perfect use. Progestin-releasing intrauterine devices (Option A) have a very low failure rate, making them one of the most effective forms of contraception. Progestin-only injections (Option B) also have a high effectiveness rate when used correctly. Male condoms (Option D) have a much lower failure rate compared to spermicides, especially when used consistently and correctly. In an educational context, understanding the effectiveness of different contraceptive methods is crucial for healthcare providers, especially in pediatric nursing. Providing accurate information to adolescents regarding contraceptive options empowers them to make informed decisions about their sexual health. Emphasizing the importance of using contraception consistently and correctly can help prevent unintended pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections among young people.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the most likely cause of the sudden drop in O2 saturation when ventilating a full-term baby with meconium aspiration syndrome is option B) endotracheal tube blockade. Endotracheal tube blockade can occur due to the accumulation of meconium or mucus in the tube, leading to inadequate ventilation and oxygenation. Option A) O2 source supply is unlikely to be the cause as the baby was fine on the machine previously. Option C) self-extubation is less likely in a full-term baby with meconium aspiration syndrome as they are typically not able to self-extubate. Option D) low inspiratory pressure value could lead to inadequate ventilation but is less likely to cause a sudden severe drop in O2 saturation. Educationally, it is crucial for pediatric nurses to understand the common complications and challenges in ventilating newborns, especially those with meconium aspiration syndrome. Recognizing and promptly addressing issues like endotracheal tube blockage can be life-saving for these vulnerable patients. Nurses must be skilled in troubleshooting and responding quickly to changes in a baby's condition during ventilation to ensure optimal outcomes.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Neonatal sepsis is a serious infection in newborns that can be life-threatening. The correct answer is D) low birth weight. Low birth weight infants have underdeveloped immune systems, making them more susceptible to infections like sepsis. Option A) maternal diabetes is not a direct risk factor for neonatal sepsis. While infants of diabetic mothers may be at risk for other complications, sepsis is more closely associated with factors like low birth weight. Option B) maternal hypertension is also not a direct risk factor for neonatal sepsis. Hypertension in the mother can lead to other complications during pregnancy, but it is not a primary risk factor for sepsis in the newborn. Option C) advanced maternal age is not a direct risk factor for neonatal sepsis either. While older mothers may face certain pregnancy-related risks, sepsis in the newborn is more commonly linked to factors like prematurity or low birth weight. In an educational context, understanding the risk factors for neonatal sepsis is crucial for healthcare providers working in pediatrics. By recognizing and addressing these risk factors, healthcare professionals can take proactive measures to prevent, diagnose, and treat neonatal sepsis effectively, ultimately improving outcomes for newborns.