At a district board meeting, the community health nurse (CHN) requests funding for an after-school recreation program that promotes healthy, fun activities in an effort to decrease substance abuse. Which level of prevention does this exemplify?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Primary prevention. This is because the after-school recreation program aims to prevent substance abuse before it occurs by promoting healthy activities. This aligns with primary prevention, which focuses on preventing the onset of health issues. Secondary prevention (B) involves early detection and treatment, while tertiary prevention (C) focuses on managing and minimizing the impact of existing health issues. Choice D is incorrect as the program primarily falls under primary prevention only.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because Salmonella is not typically spread through blood exposure. Step 1: Salmonella is primarily transmitted through contaminated food or water. Step 2: Person-to-person contact and carrier animals are known modes of transmission. Step 3: Outbreaks are commonly linked to contaminated meat, poultry, and eggs. In contrast, spreading through blood is not a significant route of transmission for Salmonella. Other choices are incorrect because they align with established knowledge about Salmonella transmission.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Hepatitis B. Hepatitis B can be prevented through immunization with a vaccine. The vaccine provides long-term protection against the virus. Chlamydia, gonorrhea, and herpes are STIs that cannot be prevented through immunization. They are primarily transmitted through sexual contact and require other prevention methods such as safe sex practices and regular testing. Hepatitis B is the only STI in the list that has a vaccine available for prevention.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because collecting blood specimens from preschool children to check for lead levels is an example of secondary prevention, which aims to detect and treat health problems early. This action helps identify children at risk for lead exposure and allows for early intervention to prevent further health issues. Choice B is incorrect because meeting with local government officials to request cleanup is more of a primary prevention strategy aimed at preventing exposure to environmental hazards in the first place. Choice C is incorrect as it involves tertiary prevention, focusing on treatment and management of existing health problems. Choice D is incorrect as it pertains to primary prevention by educating parents about lead exposure risks.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Check the most recent report on water quality in the community. This is the best action as it allows the CHN to gather factual information on the water quality before taking further steps. By reviewing the report, the CHN can determine if there are any concerning findings that may explain the unusual taste. Advocating or lobbying (Choice A) may be necessary later on, but it's important to first gather evidence. Consulting CPCHE (Choice B) may provide useful information, but checking the local water quality report is more direct. Calling the poison control centre (Choice D) is not necessary unless there is evidence of immediate harm, which is not indicated in the scenario.