Assessment of a 2-year old child revealed "baggy pants”. Using the IMCI guidelines, how will you manage this child?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Assess and treat the child for health problems like infections and intestinal parasitism. This is the correct approach based on the IMCI guidelines for managing a 2-year-old child with "baggy pants," which may indicate malnutrition. By assessing and treating health issues like infections and parasitism, the child's nutritional status can improve. Referring the child urgently to a hospital for confinement (A) is not necessary unless there are severe complications. Coordinating with a social worker for a feeding program (B) may be beneficial but addressing health issues is the priority. Making a teaching plan for menu planning (C) is important, but addressing underlying health problems should come first.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Bread. Bread is one of the food items mandated for fortification under RA 8976. This is because bread is a staple food consumed by a large portion of the population, making it an ideal vehicle for fortification to reach a wide audience and address micronutrient deficiencies effectively. Sugar (A) is not typically fortified due to its high consumption in refined form, which may not be suitable for adding nutrients. Margarine (C) can be fortified but is not specifically mandated under RA 8976. Filled milk (D) may be fortified, but it is not one of the food items specified under this regulation.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Inability to drink. This indicates a danger sign that requires urgent referral to a hospital according to the IMCI assessment guide. Inability to drink can lead to dehydration and is a critical sign that the child may need immediate medical attention. High grade fever (B) is concerning but may not always require urgent hospital referral. Signs of severe dehydration (C) are serious but may not be as immediately life-threatening as the inability to drink. Cough for more than 30 days (D) is a chronic symptom and does not necessarily indicate an acute danger sign requiring urgent referral.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Get a specimen for blood smear. To determine malaria risk in an infant with fever, a blood smear is essential for diagnosing the presence of malaria parasites. This test directly visualizes the parasites in the blood, providing a definitive diagnosis. A: Doing a tourniquet test is used to assess for dengue fever, not malaria. B: Asking where the family resides may provide information on malaria endemic areas but does not confirm the diagnosis. D: Asking if the fever is present every day is not specific to malaria and does not provide a definitive diagnosis.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because residual spraying of insecticides at night helps to kill mosquitoes that transmit malaria, reducing the risk of infection. This method targets the vector directly, interrupting the transmission cycle. A: Planting neem or eucalyptus trees may have some insect-repellent properties, but it is not a primary method of preventing malaria transmission. C: Determining endemic areas is important for overall prevention strategies, but it does not directly address secondary prevention measures like mosquito control. D: Growing larva-eating fish can help reduce mosquito larvae, but it is more of a primary prevention method rather than secondary prevention.