Aspirin is useful in treatment of:

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Aspirin treats simple headaches (choice B) via COX inhibition, reducing prostaglandin-mediated pain. Bronchial asthma (choice A) may worsen with aspirin due to leukotriene shifts. Peptic ulcer (choice C) is contraindicated due to GI irritation. Viral infections in children (choice D) risk Reye's syndrome with aspirin. Headache relief is a standard use, reflecting its analgesic efficacy.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Neurolept analgesia, from droperidol (antipsychotic) and fentanyl (opioid) (choice A), provides analgesia (choice D) and antiemetic effects (choice C) without full unconsciousness, unlike general anesthesia. Loss of consciousness (choice B) isn't typical; patients remain responsive. This exception defines its use in procedures needing sedation and pain control.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the treatment of mania, it is important to use mood stabilizers rather than benzodiazepines like Diazepam (Option D). Benzodiazepines are not considered first-line agents for mania because they do not address the underlying mood disorder but rather provide temporary relief from symptoms like agitation or insomnia. Lithium carbonate (Option A) is a classic mood stabilizer that has shown efficacy in the treatment of manic episodes, helping to stabilize mood swings and reduce the risk of relapse. Sodium valproate (Option B) and carbamazepine (Option C) are also commonly used mood stabilizers in the management of bipolar disorder, including manic episodes. These medications work by regulating neurotransmitters and stabilizing abnormal electrical activity in the brain, thus helping to control mood symptoms. Educationally, understanding the appropriate pharmacological treatments for mania is crucial for healthcare professionals, particularly those working in mental health settings. Proper selection of mood stabilizers can significantly impact patient outcomes by effectively managing symptoms, reducing relapse rates, and improving overall quality of life for individuals with bipolar disorder. It is important to be aware of the mechanisms of action and side effect profiles of these medications to make informed and evidence-based treatment decisions.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this CNS Pharmacology Drug Quiz question, the correct answer is B) Fluoxetine. Fluoxetine is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) commonly used to treat depression and anxiety disorders, not psychosis. Haloperidol (A), Thioridazine (C), and Clozapine (D) are all examples of anti-psychotic drugs. Haloperidol is a first-generation antipsychotic, Thioridazine is also a first-generation antipsychotic, and Clozapine is a second-generation antipsychotic. These drugs are used to manage symptoms of psychosis by affecting neurotransmitter activity in the brain. Understanding the differences between various classes of psychiatric medications is crucial in clinical practice. Anti-psychotic drugs are specifically indicated for managing symptoms of psychosis such as hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized thinking. By knowing the specific characteristics and indications of each drug, healthcare professionals can make informed decisions about treatment options for patients with mental health conditions. This knowledge also helps in preventing medication errors and ensuring optimal patient care.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Carbamazepine (choice C), structurally similar to tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), is contraindicated in TCA-hypersensitive patients due to cross-reactivity risks. Phenytoin (choice A), Ethosuximide (choice B), and Phenobarbital (choice D) lack this similarity. This reflects chemical structure impacting safety.