ATI RN
Multiple Choice Questions on Endocrine System Questions
Question 1 of 5
As the shift begins, you are assigned these patients. Which patient should you assess first?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
Question 2 of 5
A morbidly obese person visits the local bariatric (weight loss) clinic seeking a pill that will help shed weight. The physician prescribes dextroamphetamine. In addition to causing its expected centrally mediated anorexigenic (appetite-suppressant) effects, it causes a host of peripheral adrenergic effects that, for some patients, can prove fatal. The main mechanism by which dextroamphetamine or amphetamines in general, cause their peripheral autonomic effects is
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale for Correct Answer (C): Dextroamphetamine causes peripheral adrenergic effects by displacing, releasing, intraneuronal NE. Amphetamines disrupt the storage and release of NE from intraneuronal vesicles, leading to an increase in synaptic NE levels. This excess NE can stimulate adrenergic receptors in the periphery, causing adverse effects like hypertension, tachycardia, and potentially fatal outcomes. Summary of Incorrect Choices: A: Activating MAO would increase NE breakdown, not cause peripheral adrenergic effects. B: Blocking NE reuptake would increase NE levels in the synapse, not intraneuronally, leading to central effects. D: Enhancing NE synthesis would not directly lead to peripheral adrenergic effects, as it would require release and action at the synapse.
Question 3 of 5
A 33-year-old woman becomes poisoned after receiving an injection of concentrated botulinum toxin. Which of the following is the main neurochemical mechanism by which this Clostridium toxin causes its effects?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Inhibits ACh release from all cholinergic nerves. Botulinum toxin blocks the release of acetylcholine (ACh) from cholinergic nerve terminals, leading to muscle paralysis. This occurs through the cleavage of SNARE proteins, preventing vesicle fusion and neurotransmitter release. Choice A is incorrect because botulinum toxin does not directly activate receptors. Choice C is incorrect as botulinum toxin does not affect neuronal norepinephrine reuptake. Choice D is incorrect because botulinum toxin does not release norepinephrine via a nonexocytotic process.
Question 4 of 5
Adrenaline is contraindicated in:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Adrenaline is contraindicated in hypertension because it can worsen high blood pressure and increase the risk of cardiovascular events. Adrenaline's vasoconstrictive effects can further elevate blood pressure in individuals with hypertension, potentially leading to severe complications. Therefore, it is crucial to avoid administering adrenaline in patients with hypertension to prevent adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Summary: - A: Adrenaline is indicated in cardiac arrest to improve cardiac output. - B: Adrenaline is indicated in acute bronchial asthma to relax bronchial smooth muscles. - C: Adrenaline is indicated in anaphylactic shock to reverse severe allergic reactions. - D (Correct): Adrenaline is contraindicated in hypertension due to its vasoconstrictive effects.
Question 5 of 5
Monoamine oxidase enzyme (MAO) is responsible for:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Monoamine oxidase enzyme (MAO) is responsible for the degradation of neurotransmitters like adrenaline. MAO breaks down adrenaline into inactive metabolites, regulating its levels in the body. This process is crucial for maintaining neurotransmitter balance. Choice A is incorrect because MAO does not activate adrenaline. Choice B is incorrect as MAO is not involved in adrenaline synthesis. Choice D is incorrect as MAO does not degrade acetylcholine, but rather neurotransmitters like serotonin, dopamine, and adrenaline.