As the nurse manager in a public health department,you are responsible for developing a plan to reduce the incidence of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the community. Which nursing action is best delegated to health assistants working for the agency?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Health assistants can effectively distribute bleach solutions to injection drug users as part of harm reduction strategies. Pretest and post-test counseling education on condom use and community assessment require more advanced training and are typically responsibilities of registered nurses or other healthcare professionals.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In assessing a patient for anaphylaxis, being alert for hives and dyspnea (Option B) is crucial because anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening allergic reaction that can rapidly progress to airway compromise and cardiovascular collapse. Hives indicate a systemic allergic response, while dyspnea signifies respiratory distress, both of which are hallmark signs of anaphylaxis. Option A, chest pain, and indigestion are more commonly associated with cardiac issues or gastrointestinal problems, not specific to anaphylaxis. Option C, hypertension, and blurred vision are not typical early signs of anaphylaxis; hypertension is more commonly seen in the initial stages of anaphylaxis, followed by a rapid drop in blood pressure. Blurred vision is not a primary symptom of anaphylaxis. Option D, headache, and photophobia are more indicative of conditions like migraines or meningitis, not typically seen in anaphylaxis. Educationally, understanding the distinct signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis is critical for healthcare providers to initiate prompt and appropriate treatment, such as administering epinephrine. Recognizing these specific manifestations can help prevent the progression to a life-threatening situation and improve patient outcomes.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) Attracts the accumulation of neutrophils and monocytes to an area of injury. Chemotaxis is a crucial process in the immune response where certain chemicals attract immune cells like neutrophils and monocytes to the site of infection or injury. These cells are essential for fighting off pathogens and promoting tissue repair. By accumulating at the site of injury, neutrophils and monocytes can phagocytize pathogens, remove debris, and promote healing. Explanation of why others are wrong: A) Causes the transformation of monocytes into macrophages: While monocytes can differentiate into macrophages, chemotaxis specifically involves the migration of immune cells rather than transformation. B) Involves a pathway of chemical processes resulting in cellular lysis: Chemotaxis does not lead to cellular lysis but rather guides the movement of immune cells towards specific targets. D) Slows the blood flow in a damaged area, allowing migration of leukocytes into tissue: This statement describes the process of vasodilation and increased vascular permeability, which allows leukocytes to migrate, but it is not the function of chemotaxis itself. Educational context: Understanding the mechanism of chemotaxis is essential in pharmacology and immunology as it plays a fundamental role in the body's defense against infections and promoting tissue repair. By grasping how chemotaxis attracts immune cells to specific sites, healthcare professionals can better comprehend the immune response and pharmacological interventions aimed at modulating inflammation and immune reactions.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) Adherent gray necrotic tissue. In the red-yellow-black wound care concept, yellow wounds indicate the presence of exudate and possible infection. Adherent gray necrotic tissue is characteristic of a yellow wound, suggesting the need for debridement to remove the non-viable tissue and promote healing. Option A) Serosanguineous drainage is more commonly associated with a red wound, indicating the presence of fresh blood and active tissue healing. Option C) Clean, moist granulating tissue is typical of a healing wound, often seen in the red stage of wound care. Option D) Creamy ivory to yellow-green exudate is more indicative of a wound with purulent drainage, which is associated with infection and the black stage of wound care. Understanding wound classification is crucial for nurses to provide appropriate wound care interventions. By recognizing the characteristics of different wound stages, nurses can implement targeted treatments to promote healing and prevent complications. Deeper knowledge in wound assessment and care is essential for effective nursing practice in various healthcare settings.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) Ages of family members diagnosed with diseases. This information is crucial for the man to have as he prepares to get married because it can provide insight into potential hereditary conditions that he may be at risk for or may pass on to his children. Understanding the ages at which family members were diagnosed with diseases can help him and his future partner make informed decisions about genetic counseling, family planning, and lifestyle choices. Option A) Cholecystitis occurring in family members is not as relevant in this context as it is not typically a hereditary condition. It may not impact the man's future health or that of his children. Option B) Occurrence of prostate cancer in one uncle is important for the man's own health history but may not be as critical for his future marriage and family planning decisions unless there is a strong family history of prostate cancer. Option D) Kidney stones present in extended family members, while potentially indicating a genetic predisposition, may not be as significant as knowing the ages of family members diagnosed with diseases, which can provide a broader picture of potential hereditary risks. In an educational context, this question emphasizes the importance of understanding family health history in assessing genetic risks and making informed decisions about health and family planning. It highlights the role of pharmacological knowledge in considering genetic predispositions to diseases and the impact on individual and familial health outcomes.