As Nurse Pedrito prepares for the day's visits, which of the following patients should be seen FIRST? A client with ________.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The patient with a history of congestive heart failure and dyspnea should be seen FIRST by Nurse Pedrito. Congestive heart failure is a serious condition that can lead to acute exacerbations and requires prompt assessment and management. Dyspnea (shortness of breath) is a common symptom of heart failure and can indicate worsening cardiac function or fluid overload, which requires immediate attention to prevent further complications. Timely assessment and intervention for heart failure exacerbations can help prevent hospital admissions and improve patient outcomes. Therefore, prioritizing this patient for assessment and intervention is crucial to ensure their safety and well-being.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The guiding principle that health is an integral part of the education process is of utmost importance for a school nurse in performing their role and functions. This principle emphasizes the interconnectedness of health and academic success, highlighting that healthy students are better able to learn and succeed in school. As a school nurse, understanding and prioritizing this principle means focusing on promoting health and wellness, providing healthcare services, and implementing health education programs to support the overall well-being and academic achievement of students. By recognizing the significance of this principle, school nurses can effectively contribute to creating a healthy and supportive school environment that fosters student growth and development.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Accurate documentation, whether done manually or electronically by health care professionals, is a critical component of information management in a health care delivery system. Information management involves the collection, storage, processing, and sharing of data to support decision-making and ensure quality care for patients. Properly documented records enable health care providers to have access to relevant information about a patient's medical history, treatment plans, and progress. This helps in delivering effective and coordinated care, reducing medical errors, and improving overall patient outcomes. Moreover, well-kept records are essential for legal and regulatory compliance, billing, quality assessment, and research purposes. Therefore, accurate documentation plays a key role in information management within the healthcare setting.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Among the given options, teratoma (dermoid cyst) is the most common type of ovarian tumor in women of reproductive age. Dermoid cysts are a type of ovarian teratoma that contains tissues derived from the ectoderm (skin), mesoderm (bone, muscle), and endoderm (mucous membranes). They are usually benign and can contain a variety of elements such as hair, teeth, bone, and sebaceous material. Serous cystadenomas and mucinous cystadenomas are more commonly seen in older women, whereas endometriomas are typically associated with endometriosis rather than being the most common ovarian tumor type in women of reproductive age.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: When controlling severe external bleeding from an extremity, the recommended action is to apply direct pressure with a sterile dressing. Direct pressure helps to stop the bleeding by promoting clot formation and reducing blood flow from the wound. This method is effective in most cases and should be the first response to control bleeding. Elevating the extremity above the level of the heart can be helpful in some cases, but direct pressure is the initial recommended action. Applying a tourniquet proximal to the injury site should only be done as a last resort when other methods are not successful, as it can lead to complications such as tissue damage. Removing any impaled objects can actually worsen the bleeding and should be avoided unless necessary for immediate life-saving measures.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Hurthle cell carcinoma is a subtype of thyroid cancer that arises from the follicular cells in the thyroid gland. Patients with Hurthle cell carcinoma may present with a painful thyroid nodule, which can be associated with signs of hypothyroidism due to the disruption of thyroid hormone production by the tumor. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy revealing Hurthle cells with nuclear features suggestive of malignancy is a characteristic finding in this type of carcinoma.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the early stages of multiple myeloma (MM), abnormal values are often seen in the levels of immunoglobulins. This is due to the abnormal proliferation of plasma cells in the bone marrow, leading to overproduction of monoclonal immunoglobulins (M proteins). These abnormal immunoglobulins can be detected in blood tests and are a key diagnostic feature of MM. Changes in red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets are not typically early indicators of multiple myeloma.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Pain is best described as a subjective unpleasant experience because it is unique to each individual and is influenced by a variety of factors including emotional, psychological, and cultural elements. Pain cannot be objectively measured or quantified, and therefore it is considered a subjective experience that is reported by the person experiencing it. This is why pain is often assessed using self-report scales and tools to capture the individual's perception of their pain intensity and quality.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The described clinical presentation of a yellowish-white spot on the cornea with a ring of inflammation, along with branching, filamentous opacities extending from the corneal lesion, is highly suggestive of fungal keratitis. Fungal keratitis is commonly caused by filamentous fungi such as Fusarium and Aspergillus species. The characteristic finding of branching, filamentous opacities seen on slit-lamp examination is classic for fungal infections of the cornea. It is important to promptly diagnose and treat fungal keratitis since delayed or inadequate management can result in vision-threatening complications.