As [H ] increases:

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rising [H ] lowers pH acidosis (e.g., pH = -log[H ]). pH increase is alkalosis opposite. Increased pH with acidosis contradicts false. Fallen pH with alkalosis reverses incorrect. Acidosis link distinguishes it, key to pH definition, unlike reversed or mixed errors.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The glomerulus filters blood into Bowman's capsule not loop of Henle (reabsorption), ureter (transport), or collecting duct (concentration). This pinpoints filtration site, critical for GFR, contrasting with later nephron segments.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The urethra expels urine from the body not ureter (kidney to bladder), nephron, or loop (kidney). This defines excretory channel, critical for elimination, contrasting with internal structures.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Dialysis filters blood in renal failure not gallstones (surgery), BP (meds), or UTIs (antibiotics). This explains its purpose, critical for ESRD, contrasting with unrelated treatments.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Collecting ducts transport concentrated urine to pelvis not filter (glomerulus), reabsorb glucose (PCT), or digest (gut). This specifies final conduit, critical for urine delivery, contrasting with earlier roles.