Artemisinin and its derivatives are used in the treatment of severe forms of chloroquine-resistant falciparum because they have:

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Rapid schizonticidal activity. Artemisinin and its derivatives target the malaria parasite at the schizont stage, which is crucial for the parasite's replication and survival. By rapidly killing schizonts, these drugs help in controlling the infection and preventing severe complications. Choice A (Rapid gametocidal activity) is incorrect because artemisinin and its derivatives primarily target asexual stages of the parasite, not gametocytes. Choice B (The ability to prevent further development of hypnozoites) is incorrect as these drugs do not target the liver stages where hypnozoites develop. Choice C (Rapid sporontocidal activity) is incorrect as artemisinin derivatives do not primarily target the sexual stages of the parasite. In summary, the correct answer is D because of the drugs' effectiveness against the schizont stage, while the other choices are incorrect as they do not align with the mechanism of action of artemisinin

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: rheumatoid arthritis. In rheumatoid arthritis, chronic inflammation can lead to anemia of chronic disease, causing increased levels of serum iron (Fe) due to decreased iron utilization and normal Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC). Thalassemia major (A) would show decreased TIBC due to iron overload. Haemosiderosis (B) would show increased Fe and TIBC due to iron overload. Disseminated malignancy (D) may show decreased Fe and TIBC due to anemia of chronic disease or other factors.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: clubbing. Plummer Vinson syndrome is characterized by the triad of iron deficiency anemia, dysphagia, and esophageal webs. Clubbing is not a typical feature of Plummer Vinson syndrome. Angular stomatitis (A), splenomegaly (B), and post cricoid web (D) are commonly associated with Plummer Vinson syndrome due to chronic iron deficiency anemia. Clubbing is more commonly seen in conditions such as chronic respiratory or cardiac diseases, not in Plummer Vinson syndrome.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Cooley's anemia is another term for thalassemia major, a genetic disorder characterized by abnormal hemoglobin production leading to severe anemia. The correct answer is B because Cooley's anemia specifically refers to thalassemia major. Sickle cell anemia (A) is a different genetic disorder caused by abnormal hemoglobin shape. High ESR (C) is a nonspecific marker of inflammation and does not directly relate to Cooley's anemia. Aplastic anemia (D) is a condition where the bone marrow does not produce enough blood cells, not related to Cooley's anemia.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) primarily involves the bone marrow and blood, not the liver, spleen, or lymph nodes. 2. Hepato-splenomegaly with lymphadenopathy are commonly seen in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) and lymphoma. 3. Disseminated TB can cause hepato-splenomegaly but typically does not present with lymphadenopathy. Therefore, C (CML) is the correct answer as it does not typically present with the described findings.