Arsine gas is colorless, odorless, nonirritating, and highly toxic. Inhalation causes no immediate symptoms. After a latent period of 2-24 hr, exposed individuals experience

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D) massive hemolysis. Arsine gas is a highly toxic substance that, when inhaled, can lead to the destruction of red blood cells, known as hemolysis. This process can result in anemia, jaundice, and potentially life-threatening complications. The delayed onset of symptoms, after a latent period of 2-24 hours, is characteristic of arsine gas poisoning. Option A) hematuria, is incorrect as arsine gas poisoning primarily affects the red blood cells rather than the urinary system. Option B) sensorimotor peripheral neuropathy, is not associated with arsine gas toxicity. Option C) respiratory failure, while a serious consequence of some toxic inhalations, is not the primary manifestation of arsine gas poisoning. In an educational context, understanding the specific effects of toxic substances such as arsine gas on the body is crucial for healthcare professionals, especially pediatric nurses who may encounter cases of poisoning in children. Recognizing the symptoms and appropriate interventions for toxic exposures can help in providing timely and effective care to affected individuals.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this question, the correct answer is A) rye. Early introduction of allergenic foods like fish, egg, and meat has been shown to decrease the risk of asthma and allergic rhinitis in children. However, rye is not typically associated with reducing the risk of these conditions through early introduction. Educationally, understanding the impact of early introduction of allergenic foods on pediatric health is crucial for healthcare providers, especially pediatric nurses. It allows them to provide evidence-based guidance to parents on feeding practices for their children. By knowing which foods can decrease the risk of asthma and allergic rhinitis, nurses can play a vital role in promoting preventive care and overall well-being in pediatric populations. This knowledge empowers nurses to support parents in making informed decisions about their children's diet and potentially reducing the incidence of these conditions.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) skin tests. Skin tests are the best method for detecting allergens in pediatric patients because they are highly sensitive and specific. Skin testing involves introducing a small amount of allergen into the skin and observing for a localized reaction, such as redness or swelling, indicating an allergic response. This method is quick, cost-effective, and provides immediate results, making it ideal for diagnosing allergies in children. Option B) serum immune assay for specific IgE is a blood test that measures the levels of specific IgE antibodies to allergens. While this test can also help identify allergens, it is not as sensitive as skin testing, especially in children. Blood tests may yield false positives or false negatives, leading to potential misdiagnosis. Option C) nasal smear study involves examining nasal secretions for eosinophils, which are a type of white blood cell associated with allergic inflammation. While this test can be useful in certain cases, it is not the primary method for detecting allergens and may not provide as accurate results as skin testing. Option D) eosinophilia in blood film refers to an increased number of eosinophils in the bloodstream, which can indicate an allergic reaction. However, eosinophilia is a nonspecific finding and can be caused by various conditions other than allergies. Therefore, relying solely on eosinophilia in the blood film is not the most accurate or reliable method for detecting allergens in pediatric patients. In an educational context, it is important for pediatric nurses to understand the various methods available for detecting allergens in children. By knowing the strengths and limitations of each diagnostic test, nurses can work collaboratively with healthcare providers to ensure accurate diagnosis and appropriate management of pediatric patients with allergies. Skin testing remains the gold standard for allergen detection in children due to its reliability, specificity, and efficiency.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the management of severe asthma exacerbations in pediatric patients, the MOST vital initial treatment is the administration of inhaled B-agonists. This is the correct answer (option B) because B-agonists, such as albuterol, work by quickly relaxing the airway smooth muscles, providing rapid relief of bronchospasm and improving airflow. This is crucial in managing acute asthma attacks and preventing respiratory failure. Supplemental oxygen (option A) may be necessary for patients with severe asthma exacerbations, but it is not the MOST vital initial treatment. Oxygen therapy is usually provided alongside bronchodilators like B-agonists. Intramuscular injection of epinephrine (option C) is not recommended as a first-line treatment for severe asthma exacerbations in children. Epinephrine is primarily used in managing anaphylaxis, not asthma. Inhaled ipratropium (option D) is another bronchodilator that can be used in conjunction with B-agonists in the treatment of asthma exacerbations, but it is not the MOST vital initial treatment. B-agonists are preferred due to their rapid onset of action and effectiveness in relieving bronchospasm. Educationally, it is essential for pediatric nurses to understand the priority interventions in managing acute asthma exacerbations to provide timely and effective care. By recognizing the importance of inhaled B-agonists as the initial treatment, nurses can help stabilize pediatric patients experiencing severe asthma attacks and prevent further respiratory compromise. Understanding the rationale behind treatment choices is crucial for delivering safe and evidence-based pediatric care.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding the adverse effects of frequently administered B-agonist therapy in asthma is crucial for safe and effective patient care. In this question, the correct answer is A) bradycardia. Bradycardia is not a typical adverse effect of B-agonist therapy; in fact, B-agonists such as albuterol usually lead to an increase in heart rate (tachycardia) due to their stimulatory effect on beta receptors in the heart. Option B) irritability is a possible adverse effect of B-agonist therapy, as these medications can sometimes cause nervous system stimulation leading to irritability in pediatric patients. Option C) tachycardia is a common adverse effect of B-agonist therapy due to the medication's stimulatory effect on beta receptors in the heart, leading to an increased heart rate. Option D) hypokalemia is another potential adverse effect of B-agonist therapy, as these medications can shift potassium into cells, potentially lowering serum potassium levels. Educationally, it is essential for pediatric nurses to be aware of the potential adverse effects of common asthma medications like B-agonists to monitor patients for any signs of complications. Understanding these effects enables nurses to provide safe and individualized care, monitor for adverse reactions, and intervene promptly if needed to ensure positive patient outcomes.