Approximately what percentage of the body's calcium is stored in the bones?

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Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Workbook Answers Questions

Question 1 of 5

Approximately what percentage of the body's calcium is stored in the bones?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Approximately $99% of the body's calcium is stored in the bones. Calcium is an essential mineral for bone health and plays a crucial role in maintaining their strength and structure. It is constantly being deposited and withdrawn from the bones in a process called bone remodeling, balancing blood calcium levels.

Question 2 of 5

Which hormone primarily regulates sodium reabsorption in the kidneys?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Correct Answer: C (Aldosterone) Rationale: Aldosterone is produced by the adrenal glands and plays a crucial role in regulating sodium reabsorption in the kidneys. It acts on the distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts to increase sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion, thereby helping to maintain electrolyte balance. In contrast, ADH primarily regulates water reabsorption, ANP promotes sodium excretion, and cortisol is involved in stress response and metabolism, not sodium reabsorption in the kidneys. Therefore, aldosterone is the hormone primarily responsible for regulating sodium reabsorption in the kidneys.

Question 3 of 5

A patient with chronic diarrhea is at risk for which electrolyte imbalance?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Chronic diarrhea leads to excessive loss of fluids and electrolytes, particularly potassium (K+). Hypokalemia (B) is the most likely imbalance due to potassium being a major electrolyte in the body. Hyperkalemia (A) is less likely as diarrhea causes potassium depletion. Hypernatremia (C) is unlikely as sodium levels are not significantly affected by diarrhea. Hypocalcemia (D) is less common in chronic diarrhea compared to potassium loss. Therefore, the correct answer is B.

Question 4 of 5

Which of the following is a compensatory mechanism for metabolic acidosis?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Increased bicarbonate production. In metabolic acidosis, the body tries to compensate by increasing the production of bicarbonate to neutralize the excess acid. This helps to restore the acid-base balance. Option A is incorrect as increased renal excretion of bicarbonate would worsen metabolic acidosis. Option B, decreased respiratory rate, would not help to compensate for metabolic acidosis as it does not directly address the excess acid. Option C, hyperventilation, is a compensatory mechanism for respiratory acidosis, not metabolic acidosis.

Question 5 of 5

Which of the following mechanisms maintains blood pressure when blood volume is low?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: ANP secretion. When blood volume is low, the body releases atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) to help maintain blood pressure. ANP causes vasodilation, which decreases blood pressure and increases sodium and water excretion in the urine, ultimately helping to restore blood volume. Rationale: A: ANP secretion directly acts to decrease blood pressure and increase sodium and water excretion. B: RAAS activation would actually increase blood pressure and retain sodium and water, opposing the goal of maintaining blood pressure when blood volume is low. C: Increased urination alone may not effectively restore blood volume, especially if it leads to further dehydration. D: Decreased ADH secretion would lead to increased urine output but may not be as effective as ANP in restoring blood volume and maintaining blood pressure.

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