Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 500 ml. When someone loses 0.5 kg of weight, it is estimated that about 500 ml of fluid has been lost, as 1 kg of body weight is roughly equivalent to 1 liter of fluid. This fluid loss is due to water loss through sweating, breathing, and urine. Choice A (50 ml) is too small of an amount for a significant weight loss. Choice B (750 ml) is too high and would correspond to a larger weight loss. Choice D (75 ml) is also too small to account for a 0.5 kg weight loss.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Basophils. Basophils are a type of white blood cell that release histamine during allergic reactions. They contain granules filled with histamine, which is released when they encounter an allergen. Monocytes, eosinophils, and neutrophils do not release histamine during allergic reactions. Monocytes are involved in immune response and inflammation, eosinophils are responsible for combating parasitic infections, and neutrophils are primarily involved in fighting bacterial infections.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because a disease process involving the sacral plexus can impact bladder function (choice A), sexual activity (choice B), and bowel management (choice C). The sacral plexus is responsible for innervating pelvic organs and lower limb muscles, so dysfunction in this area can lead to issues in these functions. Bladder problems can manifest as urinary retention or incontinence, sexual activity may be affected due to changes in sensation or muscle control, and bowel management can be disrupted leading to constipation or incontinence. Therefore, assessing all these areas is crucial to understand the full impact of the disease process on the individual's quality of life.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Pink, frothy sputum. This is because pink, frothy sputum is a classic sign of pulmonary edema, indicating fluid in the lungs. Furosemide IV is a diuretic that helps remove excess fluid from the body, including the lungs. Resolving pink, frothy sputum indicates that the treatment is effectively reducing the fluid in the lungs. Incorrect choices: A: Pedal edema - This refers to swelling in the feet and ankles, which is not directly related to pulmonary edema. C: Jugular vein distention - This is a sign of heart failure, not specifically pulmonary edema. D: Bradycardia - This is a slow heart rate and not a direct indicator of pulmonary edema resolution.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Neck vein distention. In SIADH, there is excess release of antidiuretic hormone leading to water retention and dilutional hyponatremia, causing fluid overload. This can manifest as neck vein distention due to increased venous pressure. Tetanic contractions (A) and weight loss (B) are not typical complications of SIADH; tetany is more associated with hypocalcemia and weight loss is not a common manifestation. Polyuria (D) is actually the opposite of what is seen in SIADH, which is characterized by water retention and concentrated urine.