Approximately 35% to 40% of infants and young children with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis have coexisting food allergies. The most common cause of food-induced eczematous reactions is allergy to

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding the relationship between atopic dermatitis and food allergies is crucial. The correct answer is D) cow milk protein. Cow milk protein allergy is a common trigger for eczematous reactions in infants and young children with atopic dermatitis. Cow milk protein is a common allergen and can exacerbate skin issues in susceptible individuals. Option A) wheat is less commonly associated with eczematous reactions compared to cow milk protein. Option B) egg allergies can also trigger eczema but are not as prevalent as cow milk protein allergies in this context. Option C) fish allergies are more commonly associated with other types of allergic reactions rather than eczematous dermatitis in pediatric patients. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of recognizing common food allergens that can exacerbate skin conditions in pediatric patients with atopic dermatitis. Nurses need to be aware of these associations to provide appropriate education to parents regarding dietary modifications and allergen avoidance to manage skin issues effectively. Understanding these relationships can improve patient outcomes and quality of life for children with atopic dermatitis.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding the long-term complications of respiratory illnesses like bronchiolitis is crucial for providing effective care. In this case, the correct answer is A) Adenovirus. Adenovirus is associated with the development of bronchiolitis obliterans, a serious condition where the small airways in the lungs become inflamed and scarred, leading to long-term respiratory issues. Human metapneumovirus (Option B), Influenza virus (Option C), and Parainfluenza virus (Option D) are not typically associated with bronchiolitis obliterans. While these viruses can cause respiratory symptoms and complications, they are not commonly linked to the specific long-term complication mentioned in the question. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of differentiating between respiratory viruses and their potential long-term effects on pediatric patients. Nurses need to be aware of the specific associations between viruses and complications to provide comprehensive care and appropriate interventions for children recovering from bronchiolitis. Understanding these connections can help nurses monitor for signs of bronchiolitis obliterans and collaborate with healthcare teams to manage and prevent long-term respiratory issues in pediatric patients.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In hereditary methemoglobinemia, the most common cause is a deficiency of cytochrome b5 reductase. This enzyme plays a crucial role in reducing methemoglobin back to hemoglobin, which is vital for oxygen transport in the blood. Option B, Glutathione peroxidase, is not associated with methemoglobinemia but rather with protection against oxidative stress by reducing hydrogen peroxide and lipid hydroperoxides. Option C, Heme oxygenase, is involved in breaking down heme into biliverdin, carbon monoxide, and iron, and its deficiency is not linked to methemoglobinemia. Option D, Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, is involved in folate metabolism and is not directly related to the pathophysiology of methemoglobinemia. Educationally, understanding the specific enzyme deficiencies related to hereditary methemoglobinemia is crucial for pediatric nurses to recognize and manage this condition effectively in pediatric patients. This knowledge aids in providing safe and competent care by facilitating early identification of symptoms and appropriate interventions.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this question, the correct answer is A) Giardia infection. Eosinophilia is an abnormal increase in eosinophils in the blood, which is commonly associated with allergic conditions, parasitic infections, and some autoimmune diseases. Giardia infection typically does not cause eosinophilia. Option B) Toxocara infection is associated with eosinophilia. Toxocara is a parasitic infection that can lead to eosinophilic reactions in the body. Option C) Drug hypersensitivity reactions can also lead to eosinophilia. Certain medications can trigger an immune response that results in an increase in eosinophils. Option D) Periarteritis nodosa is a systemic vasculitis that can cause eosinophilia as part of the inflammatory response in the body. In an educational context, understanding the causes of eosinophilia is essential for pediatric nurses as they care for children with various health conditions. Recognizing the different etiologies of eosinophilia can guide nurses in identifying potential underlying issues and providing appropriate interventions. This knowledge helps ensure comprehensive and effective care for pediatric patients presenting with eosinophilia.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this question, the correct answer is A) Dennie lines. Dennie lines are not a sign of moderate to severe airway obstruction resulting from an allergic response. Supraclavicular and intercostal retractions (option B) are indicative of increased work of breathing which occurs in airway obstruction. Cyanosis (option C) is a late sign of respiratory distress and indicates inadequate oxygenation. Pulsus paradoxus (option D) is a sign seen in conditions like severe asthma and can indicate worsening airway obstruction. In an educational context, understanding the signs of airway obstruction in pediatric patients is crucial for nurses. Recognizing these signs promptly can help in initiating appropriate interventions to ensure adequate oxygenation and ventilation. It is essential for pediatric nurses to be well-versed in identifying respiratory distress in children to provide timely and effective care.