Aphthous-like lesions may be associated with the following conditions EXCEPT

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this question, the correct answer is D) Sweet syndrome. The presence of aphthous-like lesions is associated with various conditions, but not with Sweet syndrome. A) Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is associated with oral ulcers, including aphthous-like lesions due to the inflammatory nature of the disease affecting the gastrointestinal tract. B) Behçet disease is a systemic vasculitis that can cause oral ulcers resembling aphthous ulcers, along with other symptoms such as genital ulcers and uveitis. C) Gluten-sensitive enteropathy, also known as celiac disease, can present with aphthous-like lesions in the oral cavity due to the immune response triggered by gluten ingestion in genetically predisposed individuals. Educational context: Understanding the different presentations of gastrointestinal conditions in pediatric patients is crucial for nurses preparing for the NCLEX exam. Recognizing the unique oral manifestations associated with various diseases helps in early identification and appropriate management. It is essential to differentiate between conditions like Sweet syndrome, which typically presents with skin lesions, and those that manifest with oral ulcers like aphthous-like lesions.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In infants, the most common symptom of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is regurgitation, making option B the correct answer. Infants with GERD often spit up or regurgitate their food, which occurs due to the backflow of stomach contents into the esophagus. This regurgitation can be frequent and may be forceful, leading to discomfort and irritability in the infant. Option A, excessive crying, is a common symptom seen in infants with GERD but is usually a secondary symptom resulting from the discomfort caused by regurgitation rather than the primary symptom. Option C, failure to thrive, can be a consequence of untreated GERD over time but is not typically the initial presenting symptom. Option D, abnormal posturing, is not a common symptom of GERD in infants. From an educational perspective, understanding the primary symptoms of GERD in infants is crucial for healthcare providers working with pediatric populations. Recognizing these symptoms early can lead to prompt diagnosis and appropriate management, improving the infant's quality of life and preventing potential complications associated with untreated GERD. Educating caregivers about the signs and symptoms of GERD in infants can also help in early identification and intervention, promoting better outcomes for these vulnerable patients.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this question, the correct answer is option C: Meckel's diverticulum is approximately 2 inches in length. Meckel's diverticulum is a common congenital abnormality of the gastrointestinal tract that results from incomplete closure of the vitelline duct during embryonic development. The "rule of twos" commonly associated with Meckel's diverticulum includes its occurrence in approximately 2% of the population, its location at around 2 feet proximal to the ileocecal valve, and its length of about 2 inches. Option A is incorrect because Meckel's diverticulum is found in about 2% of the population, which aligns with the rule of twos. Option B is incorrect as it should be 2 feet distal to the ileocecal valve, not proximal. Option D is incorrect because Meckel's diverticulum is actually more common in males than females. Understanding Meckel's diverticulum is crucial for nurses, especially those preparing for the NCLEX exam, as it is a common topic in pediatric gastrointestinal disorders. Knowing the key characteristics, such as its dimensions and location, helps in early identification and appropriate management of complications associated with this condition. This question reinforces the importance of recalling specific details and applying them correctly in a clinical context.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Intussusception is a serious pediatric GI emergency where a segment of the intestine invaginates into another, causing obstruction and potentially compromising blood supply. The classic triad of symptoms includes pain, a palpable sausage-shaped abdominal mass, and bloody or currant jelly stool. It is crucial for nurses to recognize this triad as it can help in prompt diagnosis and management. Option B (30-40% of patients) is the correct answer because approximately 30-40% of patients present with the classic triad of symptoms. This knowledge is essential for nurses as it guides them in suspecting intussusception when a child presents with these specific symptoms. The other options are incorrect because intussusception is characterized by the classic triad mentioned above. Options A, C, and D do not align with the typical presentation of intussusception as they provide percentages that are either too low or too high compared to the actual occurrence of the triad in patients with this condition. Understanding the prevalence of the classic triad in intussusception is crucial for nurses preparing for the NCLEX exam as it tests their ability to recognize key signs and symptoms of gastrointestinal disorders in pediatric patients. This knowledge can aid in providing timely and appropriate care to children with this condition, potentially preventing complications and improving outcomes.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is C) Analysis of serum electrolytes. Dehydration in infants can lead to serious complications, and the assessment of serum electrolytes is crucial in confirming the diagnosis. When an infant presents with vomiting, diarrhea, fussiness, sunken fontanel, and absence of tears, these are all signs of dehydration. Serum electrolyte levels, such as sodium and potassium, can indicate the degree of dehydration and guide the appropriate treatment. Option A) Urinalysis obtained by bagged specimen is incorrect as it does not directly assess the electrolyte imbalance associated with dehydration. Option B) Urinalysis obtained by sterile catheterization is also incorrect as it focuses on urine analysis rather than serum electrolytes. Option D) Analysis of cerebrospinal fluid is unrelated to diagnosing dehydration in this case. Educationally, understanding the signs and symptoms of dehydration in infants is crucial for nurses and healthcare providers to provide timely and appropriate interventions. Knowing which diagnostic tests are most relevant in such situations can help in effective patient management and prevent further complications. By emphasizing the importance of monitoring electrolyte levels in dehydrated infants, healthcare professionals can improve outcomes and ensure safe and quality care for pediatric patients.