Anxiolytics are used to treat:

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Anxiolytics are medications used to treat anxiety disorders, which fall under the category of neurosis. Neurosis is characterized by excessive worry, fear, and distress. Anxiolytics help alleviate symptoms such as restlessness and tension associated with anxiety. Psychosis (choice B) involves loss of touch with reality, narcolepsy (choice C) is a sleep disorder, and bipolar disorders (choice D) involve mood swings between mania and depression. Anxiolytics are not typically indicated for these conditions.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Ephedrine. Ephedrine is a sympathomimetic drug that acts by stimulating alpha and beta-adrenergic receptors, leading to bronchodilation. Isoprenaline (A) is a non-selective beta-adrenergic agonist. Atropine (C) is an anticholinergic drug that inhibits parasympathetic activity. Salbutamol (D) is a selective beta2-adrenergic agonist commonly used as a bronchodilator. Therefore, the correct choice for a bronchodilator drug belonging to sympathomimetics is Ephedrine.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Ascorbic acid. Ascorbic acid enhances the absorption of non-heme iron by reducing it to a more absorbable form. This helps increase the uptake of iron in the intestine. Cyanocobalamin (A) is Vitamin B12, not involved in iron absorption. Folic acid (B) is essential for DNA synthesis but does not directly affect iron absorption. Erythropoietin (D) is a hormone that stimulates red blood cell production, but it does not impact iron absorption.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Milrinone. Milrinone inhibits type III cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase, leading to increased levels of cyclic AMP in cardiac and smooth muscle cells, resulting in positive inotropic and vasodilatory effects. Amiodarone (A) is an antiarrhythmic drug. Propranolol (C) is a beta-blocker. Enalapril (D) is an ACE inhibitor. These drugs do not inhibit type III cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: All of the above. Rationale: 1. Validol has a moderate reflex and vascular dilative action due to nerve stimulation, making statement A true. 2. It is administered sublingually, with effects seen in 5 minutes and 70% released in 3 minutes, supporting statement B. 3. Validol is used for angina, motion sickness, nausea, vomiting, and headaches related to nitrates, confirming statement C. 4. Since statements A, B, and C are all true, the correct answer is D, as it encompasses all the valid statements.